Ethylene Supplementation Combined with Split Application of Nitrogen and Sulfur Protects Salt-Inhibited Photosynthesis through Optimization of Proline Metabolism and Antioxidant System in Mustard (<i>Brassica juncea</i> L.)
In the present study, the potential of ethylene as ethephon (an ethylene source) was investigated individually and in combination with split doses of nitrogen (N) and sulfur (S) soil treatments for removal of the damaging effects of salt stress (100 mM NaCl) in mustard (<i>Brassica juncea</...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2021-06-01
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/10/7/1303 |
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| author | Badar Jahan Noushina Iqbal Mehar Fatma Zebus Sehar Asim Masood Adriano Sofo Ilaria D'Ippolito Nafees A. Khan |
| author_facet | Badar Jahan Noushina Iqbal Mehar Fatma Zebus Sehar Asim Masood Adriano Sofo Ilaria D'Ippolito Nafees A. Khan |
| author_sort | Badar Jahan |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | In the present study, the potential of ethylene as ethephon (an ethylene source) was investigated individually and in combination with split doses of nitrogen (N) and sulfur (S) soil treatments for removal of the damaging effects of salt stress (100 mM NaCl) in mustard (<i>Brassica juncea</i> L.). Plants were grown with 50 mg N plus 50 mg S kg<sup>−1</sup> soil at sowing time and an equivalent dose at 20 days after sowing [N50 + S50]<sub>0d and 20d</sub>. Ethephon at 200 μL L<sup>‒1</sup> was applied to combined split doses of N and S with or without NaCl. Plants subjected to NaCl showed a decrease in growth and photosynthetic characteristics as well as N and S assimilation, whereas proline metabolism and antioxidants increased. The application of ethephon to plants grown with split N and S doses significantly enhanced photosynthetic efficiency by increasing the assimilation of N and S, improving the concentration of proline and induction of the antioxidant system with or without NaCl. The regulation of ethylene and/or split forms of N and S application may be potential tools for not just overcoming salt stress effects in this species and in related Brassicaceae but also enhancing their photosynthesis and growth potential through increased nutrient assimilation. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T10:00:15Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-063539b5443a4c7e989e0ed1b2bc6076 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2223-7747 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T10:00:15Z |
| publishDate | 2021-06-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Plants |
| spelling | doaj.art-063539b5443a4c7e989e0ed1b2bc60762023-11-22T01:56:41ZengMDPI AGPlants2223-77472021-06-01107130310.3390/plants10071303Ethylene Supplementation Combined with Split Application of Nitrogen and Sulfur Protects Salt-Inhibited Photosynthesis through Optimization of Proline Metabolism and Antioxidant System in Mustard (<i>Brassica juncea</i> L.)Badar Jahan0Noushina Iqbal1Mehar Fatma2Zebus Sehar3Asim Masood4Adriano Sofo5Ilaria D'Ippolito6Nafees A. Khan7Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, IndiaDepartment of Botany, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, IndiaPlant Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, IndiaPlant Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, IndiaPlant Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, IndiaDepartment of European and Mediterranean Cultures: Architecture, Environment, Cultural Heritage (DiCEM), University of Basilicata, 75100 Matera, ItalyDepartment of European and Mediterranean Cultures: Architecture, Environment, Cultural Heritage (DiCEM), University of Basilicata, 75100 Matera, ItalyPlant Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, IndiaIn the present study, the potential of ethylene as ethephon (an ethylene source) was investigated individually and in combination with split doses of nitrogen (N) and sulfur (S) soil treatments for removal of the damaging effects of salt stress (100 mM NaCl) in mustard (<i>Brassica juncea</i> L.). Plants were grown with 50 mg N plus 50 mg S kg<sup>−1</sup> soil at sowing time and an equivalent dose at 20 days after sowing [N50 + S50]<sub>0d and 20d</sub>. Ethephon at 200 μL L<sup>‒1</sup> was applied to combined split doses of N and S with or without NaCl. Plants subjected to NaCl showed a decrease in growth and photosynthetic characteristics as well as N and S assimilation, whereas proline metabolism and antioxidants increased. The application of ethephon to plants grown with split N and S doses significantly enhanced photosynthetic efficiency by increasing the assimilation of N and S, improving the concentration of proline and induction of the antioxidant system with or without NaCl. The regulation of ethylene and/or split forms of N and S application may be potential tools for not just overcoming salt stress effects in this species and in related Brassicaceae but also enhancing their photosynthesis and growth potential through increased nutrient assimilation.https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/10/7/1303antioxidants<i>Brassica juncea</i>ethylenenitrogen assimilationproline metabolismsulfur assimilation |
| spellingShingle | Badar Jahan Noushina Iqbal Mehar Fatma Zebus Sehar Asim Masood Adriano Sofo Ilaria D'Ippolito Nafees A. Khan Ethylene Supplementation Combined with Split Application of Nitrogen and Sulfur Protects Salt-Inhibited Photosynthesis through Optimization of Proline Metabolism and Antioxidant System in Mustard (<i>Brassica juncea</i> L.) Plants antioxidants <i>Brassica juncea</i> ethylene nitrogen assimilation proline metabolism sulfur assimilation |
| title | Ethylene Supplementation Combined with Split Application of Nitrogen and Sulfur Protects Salt-Inhibited Photosynthesis through Optimization of Proline Metabolism and Antioxidant System in Mustard (<i>Brassica juncea</i> L.) |
| title_full | Ethylene Supplementation Combined with Split Application of Nitrogen and Sulfur Protects Salt-Inhibited Photosynthesis through Optimization of Proline Metabolism and Antioxidant System in Mustard (<i>Brassica juncea</i> L.) |
| title_fullStr | Ethylene Supplementation Combined with Split Application of Nitrogen and Sulfur Protects Salt-Inhibited Photosynthesis through Optimization of Proline Metabolism and Antioxidant System in Mustard (<i>Brassica juncea</i> L.) |
| title_full_unstemmed | Ethylene Supplementation Combined with Split Application of Nitrogen and Sulfur Protects Salt-Inhibited Photosynthesis through Optimization of Proline Metabolism and Antioxidant System in Mustard (<i>Brassica juncea</i> L.) |
| title_short | Ethylene Supplementation Combined with Split Application of Nitrogen and Sulfur Protects Salt-Inhibited Photosynthesis through Optimization of Proline Metabolism and Antioxidant System in Mustard (<i>Brassica juncea</i> L.) |
| title_sort | ethylene supplementation combined with split application of nitrogen and sulfur protects salt inhibited photosynthesis through optimization of proline metabolism and antioxidant system in mustard i brassica juncea i l |
| topic | antioxidants <i>Brassica juncea</i> ethylene nitrogen assimilation proline metabolism sulfur assimilation |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/10/7/1303 |
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