Toll-Like Receptor 4 Signaling and Drug Addiction
The emphasis of neuronal alterations and adaptations have long been the main focus of the studies of the mechanistic underpinnings of drug addiction. Recent studies have begun to appreciate the role of innate immune system, especially toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) signaling in drug reward-associated b...
| Main Authors: | , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2020-11-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Pharmacology |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphar.2020.603445/full |
| _version_ | 1818611582847942656 |
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| author | Ruyan Wu Ruyan Wu Jun-Xu Li |
| author_facet | Ruyan Wu Ruyan Wu Jun-Xu Li |
| author_sort | Ruyan Wu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The emphasis of neuronal alterations and adaptations have long been the main focus of the studies of the mechanistic underpinnings of drug addiction. Recent studies have begun to appreciate the role of innate immune system, especially toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) signaling in drug reward-associated behaviors and physiology. Drugs like opioids, alcohol and psychostimulants activate TLR4 signaling and subsequently induce proinflammatory responses, which in turn contributes to the development of drug addiction. Inhibition of TLR4 or its downstream effectors attenuated the reinforcing effects of opioids, alcohol and psychostimulants, and this effect is also involved in the withdrawal and relapse-like behaviors of different drug classes. However, conflicting results also argue that TLR4-related immune response may play a minimal part in drug addiction. This review discussed the preclinical evidence that whether TLR4 signaling is involved in multiple drug classes action and the possible mechanisms underlying this effect. Moreover, clinical studies which examined the potential efficacy of immune-base pharmacotherapies in treating drug addiction are also discussed. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-16T15:32:38Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-0640e40d6b2c4cf7b40a3aa21f092cd0 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1663-9812 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-16T15:32:38Z |
| publishDate | 2020-11-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Pharmacology |
| spelling | doaj.art-0640e40d6b2c4cf7b40a3aa21f092cd02022-12-21T22:26:17ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Pharmacology1663-98122020-11-011110.3389/fphar.2020.603445603445Toll-Like Receptor 4 Signaling and Drug AddictionRuyan Wu0Ruyan Wu1Jun-Xu Li2School of Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, ChinaDepartment of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, United StatesDepartment of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, United StatesThe emphasis of neuronal alterations and adaptations have long been the main focus of the studies of the mechanistic underpinnings of drug addiction. Recent studies have begun to appreciate the role of innate immune system, especially toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) signaling in drug reward-associated behaviors and physiology. Drugs like opioids, alcohol and psychostimulants activate TLR4 signaling and subsequently induce proinflammatory responses, which in turn contributes to the development of drug addiction. Inhibition of TLR4 or its downstream effectors attenuated the reinforcing effects of opioids, alcohol and psychostimulants, and this effect is also involved in the withdrawal and relapse-like behaviors of different drug classes. However, conflicting results also argue that TLR4-related immune response may play a minimal part in drug addiction. This review discussed the preclinical evidence that whether TLR4 signaling is involved in multiple drug classes action and the possible mechanisms underlying this effect. Moreover, clinical studies which examined the potential efficacy of immune-base pharmacotherapies in treating drug addiction are also discussed.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphar.2020.603445/fulltoll-like receptor 4opioidsalcoholpsychostimulantsdrug rewardreinstatement |
| spellingShingle | Ruyan Wu Ruyan Wu Jun-Xu Li Toll-Like Receptor 4 Signaling and Drug Addiction Frontiers in Pharmacology toll-like receptor 4 opioids alcohol psychostimulants drug reward reinstatement |
| title | Toll-Like Receptor 4 Signaling and Drug Addiction |
| title_full | Toll-Like Receptor 4 Signaling and Drug Addiction |
| title_fullStr | Toll-Like Receptor 4 Signaling and Drug Addiction |
| title_full_unstemmed | Toll-Like Receptor 4 Signaling and Drug Addiction |
| title_short | Toll-Like Receptor 4 Signaling and Drug Addiction |
| title_sort | toll like receptor 4 signaling and drug addiction |
| topic | toll-like receptor 4 opioids alcohol psychostimulants drug reward reinstatement |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphar.2020.603445/full |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT ruyanwu tolllikereceptor4signalinganddrugaddiction AT ruyanwu tolllikereceptor4signalinganddrugaddiction AT junxuli tolllikereceptor4signalinganddrugaddiction |