Thermographic Image of the Hoof Print in Leisure and Cross-Country Warmblood Horses: A Pilot Study
Background: The field of veterinary medicine lacks information on equine thermal hoof printing, and few data on the same subject are available in dogs. In human medicine, thermography is used to detect heat emitted by the foot when it comes in contact with a flat surface to detect the abnormalities...
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MDPI AG
2023-07-01
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| Series: | Veterinary Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2306-7381/10/7/470 |
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| author | Cristian Zaha Larisa Schuszler Roxana Dascalu Paula Nistor Tiana Florea Ciprian Rujescu Bogdan Sicoe Cornel Igna |
| author_facet | Cristian Zaha Larisa Schuszler Roxana Dascalu Paula Nistor Tiana Florea Ciprian Rujescu Bogdan Sicoe Cornel Igna |
| author_sort | Cristian Zaha |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background: The field of veterinary medicine lacks information on equine thermal hoof printing, and few data on the same subject are available in dogs. In human medicine, thermography is used to detect heat emitted by the foot when it comes in contact with a flat surface to detect the abnormalities of the foot balance. The hypothesis states that the thermal pattern of the hoof print in Warmblood horses is detectable and it does not vary among the four limbs in leisure and cross-country Warmblood horses in terms of mean temperature of the hoof print surface. A pilot study was conducted to investigate the accuracy of thermography in temperature detection of the hoof print and to investigate the occurrence of possible differences in the mean value of six selected areas and whether there are any differences in the mean temperature of the hoof print between leisure and cross-country Warmblood horses. Methods: The study included sixty non-lame Warmblood horses with all limbs taken into consideration (<i>n</i> = 240). The selection criteria for the horses were: no alterations in posture and no muscle group asymmetry during visual examination, no lateral or medial deviation of the carpus or hock, no reaction to the flexion tests, negative reactions to the hoof tester, no lameness during walking, trotting or lunging, no anti-inflammatory medication in the last three weeks prior to examination and rectal temperature between 37 °C and 38 °C. The hoof print of each hoof was measured with the horse in the standing position, all four limbs on the ground, using a FLIR E50 thermal camera. Six areas of temperature from the hoof print were taken into consideration, and for each of them, the mean value was identified using FLIR Tools software for photo interpretation. The One-Way ANOVA test was used to test the differences between the mean temperatures obtained for each selected area from all limbs and to compare the hoof print temperature values between the leisure horses and cross-country horses. Data were statistically processed using SAS Studio. Results: Thermography can detect the temperature emitted by the hoof but the thermal patterns of the hoof print show no difference for all four studied limbs. No significant statistical differences were noticed between the mean temperatures identified for each studied area. Also, there were no statistical differences between the mean temperature of the selected areas from the forelimbs and hindlimbs from the horses used for leisure and those used for cross-country. Based on this aspect, the mean temperature of one selected area can be determined in any of the four limbs, without visible variations. Conclusions: Thermography can detect the hoof print on a flat surface and the mean temperature for each studied area can be proposed as a reference temperature value. There were no differences in the mean temperature of the hoofprint between leisure and cross-country Warmblood Horses. Further investigations are required to clarify whether there are any differences in the thermal pattern of hoof prints from other breeds or from horses with musculoskeletal conditions. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T00:33:52Z |
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| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
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| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T00:33:52Z |
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| spelling | doaj.art-06480992906c4f30ad8efcb753d6dd1c2023-11-18T21:43:03ZengMDPI AGVeterinary Sciences2306-73812023-07-0110747010.3390/vetsci10070470Thermographic Image of the Hoof Print in Leisure and Cross-Country Warmblood Horses: A Pilot StudyCristian Zaha0Larisa Schuszler1Roxana Dascalu2Paula Nistor3Tiana Florea4Ciprian Rujescu5Bogdan Sicoe6Cornel Igna7Surgery Clinic, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences “King Michael I”, 300645 Timisoara, RomaniaSurgery Clinic, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences “King Michael I”, 300645 Timisoara, RomaniaSurgery Clinic, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences “King Michael I”, 300645 Timisoara, RomaniaSurgery Clinic, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences “King Michael I”, 300645 Timisoara, RomaniaDermatology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences “King Mihai I”, 300645 Timisoara, RomaniaManagement and Rural Development Department, Faculty of Management and Rural Tourism, University of Life Sciences “King Michael I”, 300645 Timisoara, RomaniaDiagnostic Imaging, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences “King Michael I”, 300645 Timisoara, RomaniaSurgery Clinic, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences “King Michael I”, 300645 Timisoara, RomaniaBackground: The field of veterinary medicine lacks information on equine thermal hoof printing, and few data on the same subject are available in dogs. In human medicine, thermography is used to detect heat emitted by the foot when it comes in contact with a flat surface to detect the abnormalities of the foot balance. The hypothesis states that the thermal pattern of the hoof print in Warmblood horses is detectable and it does not vary among the four limbs in leisure and cross-country Warmblood horses in terms of mean temperature of the hoof print surface. A pilot study was conducted to investigate the accuracy of thermography in temperature detection of the hoof print and to investigate the occurrence of possible differences in the mean value of six selected areas and whether there are any differences in the mean temperature of the hoof print between leisure and cross-country Warmblood horses. Methods: The study included sixty non-lame Warmblood horses with all limbs taken into consideration (<i>n</i> = 240). The selection criteria for the horses were: no alterations in posture and no muscle group asymmetry during visual examination, no lateral or medial deviation of the carpus or hock, no reaction to the flexion tests, negative reactions to the hoof tester, no lameness during walking, trotting or lunging, no anti-inflammatory medication in the last three weeks prior to examination and rectal temperature between 37 °C and 38 °C. The hoof print of each hoof was measured with the horse in the standing position, all four limbs on the ground, using a FLIR E50 thermal camera. Six areas of temperature from the hoof print were taken into consideration, and for each of them, the mean value was identified using FLIR Tools software for photo interpretation. The One-Way ANOVA test was used to test the differences between the mean temperatures obtained for each selected area from all limbs and to compare the hoof print temperature values between the leisure horses and cross-country horses. Data were statistically processed using SAS Studio. Results: Thermography can detect the temperature emitted by the hoof but the thermal patterns of the hoof print show no difference for all four studied limbs. No significant statistical differences were noticed between the mean temperatures identified for each studied area. Also, there were no statistical differences between the mean temperature of the selected areas from the forelimbs and hindlimbs from the horses used for leisure and those used for cross-country. Based on this aspect, the mean temperature of one selected area can be determined in any of the four limbs, without visible variations. Conclusions: Thermography can detect the hoof print on a flat surface and the mean temperature for each studied area can be proposed as a reference temperature value. There were no differences in the mean temperature of the hoofprint between leisure and cross-country Warmblood Horses. Further investigations are required to clarify whether there are any differences in the thermal pattern of hoof prints from other breeds or from horses with musculoskeletal conditions.https://www.mdpi.com/2306-7381/10/7/470Warmblood horseshoof printthermographyreference temperature |
| spellingShingle | Cristian Zaha Larisa Schuszler Roxana Dascalu Paula Nistor Tiana Florea Ciprian Rujescu Bogdan Sicoe Cornel Igna Thermographic Image of the Hoof Print in Leisure and Cross-Country Warmblood Horses: A Pilot Study Veterinary Sciences Warmblood horses hoof print thermography reference temperature |
| title | Thermographic Image of the Hoof Print in Leisure and Cross-Country Warmblood Horses: A Pilot Study |
| title_full | Thermographic Image of the Hoof Print in Leisure and Cross-Country Warmblood Horses: A Pilot Study |
| title_fullStr | Thermographic Image of the Hoof Print in Leisure and Cross-Country Warmblood Horses: A Pilot Study |
| title_full_unstemmed | Thermographic Image of the Hoof Print in Leisure and Cross-Country Warmblood Horses: A Pilot Study |
| title_short | Thermographic Image of the Hoof Print in Leisure and Cross-Country Warmblood Horses: A Pilot Study |
| title_sort | thermographic image of the hoof print in leisure and cross country warmblood horses a pilot study |
| topic | Warmblood horses hoof print thermography reference temperature |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2306-7381/10/7/470 |
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