Long‐term biochar application promoted soil aggregate‐associated potassium availability and maize potassium uptake
Abstract Biochar is an effective ameliorator for soil quality improvement and nutrient reuse from biomass; however, the effect of biochar application on soil potassium (K) availability, plant K uptake, and the underlying mechanisms have not been well‐elucidated. To address this, the variation in the...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Wiley
2024-04-01
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| Series: | GCB Bioenergy |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1111/gcbb.13134 |
| _version_ | 1827307627853381632 |
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| author | Zhengrong Bao Wanning Dai Xu Su Zunqi Liu Zhengfeng An Qiang Sun Hang Jing Li Lin Yixuan Chen Jun Meng |
| author_facet | Zhengrong Bao Wanning Dai Xu Su Zunqi Liu Zhengfeng An Qiang Sun Hang Jing Li Lin Yixuan Chen Jun Meng |
| author_sort | Zhengrong Bao |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Biochar is an effective ameliorator for soil quality improvement and nutrient reuse from biomass; however, the effect of biochar application on soil potassium (K) availability, plant K uptake, and the underlying mechanisms have not been well‐elucidated. To address this, the variation in the soil K forms, soil aggregate stability, and aggregate‐associated K concentration, as well as maize K uptake, were investigated in a field experiment after 9 years of biochar amendment. The treatments included no biochar and NPK fertilizer (CK); NPK fertilizer treatment (F); biochar applied annually at the rate of 2.625 t ha−1 (C1), and biochar applied annually at rate of 2.625 t ha−1 with NPK fertilizers (C1F); one‐time biochar applied with NPK fertilizers, with biochar rate of 31.5 (C2F) and 47.25 t ha−1 (C3F). The results showed that after 9 years of field application, biochar inhibited the downward K migration to the deeper layer, thus increasing water‐soluble potassium (WSK), exchangeable potassium (EK), non‐exchangeable potassium (NEK), and total potassium (TK) in 0–20 cm soil, with C1F exhibiting better performance than C2F and C3F. Biochar also increased aggregate‐associated EK, NEK, and TK pools, mainly due to an increase in the macroaggregate proportion (>0.25 mm). Biochar amendment promoted maize K uptake by an average of 35.69%, the path analysis indicated that the positive effect was an outcome of the synergetic effect of the increase in surface soil WSK content and promoted macroaggregate EK pools, which was primarily attributed to biochar improved soil properties, including soil organic carbon, pH, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, and cation exchange capacity. These factors explained 76% of the variance in maize K uptake. In conclusion, biochar is an effective ameliorator for improving soil K content and availability. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-24T18:42:50Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-064d68058aac4fa2898e54ec60719007 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1757-1693 1757-1707 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-24T18:42:50Z |
| publishDate | 2024-04-01 |
| publisher | Wiley |
| record_format | Article |
| series | GCB Bioenergy |
| spelling | doaj.art-064d68058aac4fa2898e54ec607190072024-03-27T08:44:28ZengWileyGCB Bioenergy1757-16931757-17072024-04-01164n/an/a10.1111/gcbb.13134Long‐term biochar application promoted soil aggregate‐associated potassium availability and maize potassium uptakeZhengrong Bao0Wanning Dai1Xu Su2Zunqi Liu3Zhengfeng An4Qiang Sun5Hang Jing6Li Lin7Yixuan Chen8Jun Meng9Agronomy College, National Biochar Institute Shenyang Agricultural University Shenyang ChinaAgronomy College, National Biochar Institute Shenyang Agricultural University Shenyang ChinaAgronomy College, National Biochar Institute Shenyang Agricultural University Shenyang ChinaAgronomy College, National Biochar Institute Shenyang Agricultural University Shenyang ChinaDepartment of Renewable Resources University of Alberta Edmonton CanadaAgronomy College, National Biochar Institute Shenyang Agricultural University Shenyang ChinaSchool of Geography Nanjing Normal University Nanjing ChinaAgronomy College, National Biochar Institute Shenyang Agricultural University Shenyang ChinaAgronomy College, National Biochar Institute Shenyang Agricultural University Shenyang ChinaAgronomy College, National Biochar Institute Shenyang Agricultural University Shenyang ChinaAbstract Biochar is an effective ameliorator for soil quality improvement and nutrient reuse from biomass; however, the effect of biochar application on soil potassium (K) availability, plant K uptake, and the underlying mechanisms have not been well‐elucidated. To address this, the variation in the soil K forms, soil aggregate stability, and aggregate‐associated K concentration, as well as maize K uptake, were investigated in a field experiment after 9 years of biochar amendment. The treatments included no biochar and NPK fertilizer (CK); NPK fertilizer treatment (F); biochar applied annually at the rate of 2.625 t ha−1 (C1), and biochar applied annually at rate of 2.625 t ha−1 with NPK fertilizers (C1F); one‐time biochar applied with NPK fertilizers, with biochar rate of 31.5 (C2F) and 47.25 t ha−1 (C3F). The results showed that after 9 years of field application, biochar inhibited the downward K migration to the deeper layer, thus increasing water‐soluble potassium (WSK), exchangeable potassium (EK), non‐exchangeable potassium (NEK), and total potassium (TK) in 0–20 cm soil, with C1F exhibiting better performance than C2F and C3F. Biochar also increased aggregate‐associated EK, NEK, and TK pools, mainly due to an increase in the macroaggregate proportion (>0.25 mm). Biochar amendment promoted maize K uptake by an average of 35.69%, the path analysis indicated that the positive effect was an outcome of the synergetic effect of the increase in surface soil WSK content and promoted macroaggregate EK pools, which was primarily attributed to biochar improved soil properties, including soil organic carbon, pH, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, and cation exchange capacity. These factors explained 76% of the variance in maize K uptake. In conclusion, biochar is an effective ameliorator for improving soil K content and availability.https://doi.org/10.1111/gcbb.13134biocharmaize potassium uptakepotassium availabilitypotassium formssoil aggregate potassiumsoil property |
| spellingShingle | Zhengrong Bao Wanning Dai Xu Su Zunqi Liu Zhengfeng An Qiang Sun Hang Jing Li Lin Yixuan Chen Jun Meng Long‐term biochar application promoted soil aggregate‐associated potassium availability and maize potassium uptake GCB Bioenergy biochar maize potassium uptake potassium availability potassium forms soil aggregate potassium soil property |
| title | Long‐term biochar application promoted soil aggregate‐associated potassium availability and maize potassium uptake |
| title_full | Long‐term biochar application promoted soil aggregate‐associated potassium availability and maize potassium uptake |
| title_fullStr | Long‐term biochar application promoted soil aggregate‐associated potassium availability and maize potassium uptake |
| title_full_unstemmed | Long‐term biochar application promoted soil aggregate‐associated potassium availability and maize potassium uptake |
| title_short | Long‐term biochar application promoted soil aggregate‐associated potassium availability and maize potassium uptake |
| title_sort | long term biochar application promoted soil aggregate associated potassium availability and maize potassium uptake |
| topic | biochar maize potassium uptake potassium availability potassium forms soil aggregate potassium soil property |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1111/gcbb.13134 |
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