High energy X-ray diffraction and small-angle scattering measurements of hydrogen fatigue damage in AISI 4130 steel
ABSTRACT: Accurate lifetime predictions are critical for repurposing existing pipelines for hydrogen transmission as well as for developing novel steels which are minimally susceptible to lifetime degradation by hydrogen. Ultimately, lifetime prediction models assess the amount of damage a material...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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KeAi Communications Co. Ltd.
2022-09-01
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| Series: | Journal of Pipeline Science and Engineering |
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| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667143322000403 |
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| author | M.J. Connolly J-S. Park J. Almer M.L. Martin R. Amaro P.E. Bradley D. Lauria A.J. Slifka |
| author_facet | M.J. Connolly J-S. Park J. Almer M.L. Martin R. Amaro P.E. Bradley D. Lauria A.J. Slifka |
| author_sort | M.J. Connolly |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | ABSTRACT: Accurate lifetime predictions are critical for repurposing existing pipelines for hydrogen transmission as well as for developing novel steels which are minimally susceptible to lifetime degradation by hydrogen. Ultimately, lifetime prediction models assess the amount of damage a material undergoes during a typical service cycle and the cumulative damage a material can withstand prior to failure. However, not all damage processes are equal, and neither is the manner in which mechanical loading translates to damage the same when materials are in inert environments compared to in hydrogen environments. For example, in the three leading proposed mechanisms of hydrogen embrittlement (Hydrogen-Enhanced Decohesion (HEDE), the Hydrogen-Enhanced Localized Plasticity (HELP), and the Nano-Void Coalescence (NVC)), hydrogen is proposed to enhance the manifestation of grain separation, dislocation generation/movement, and void coalescence, respectively. A full understanding of the damage modes requires a measurement capable of probing all three mechanisms at once. Here we present simultaneous High Energy X-ray Diffraction (HEXRD) and Small-Angle X-ray Scattering (SAXS) during fatiguing of steel in hydrogen. HEXRD measurements probe strain and dislocation density; SAXS measurements probe nano-pore generation and coalescence. We will discuss the differences in damage modes between steels fatigued in air and in hydrogen and the role these difference play in lifetime predictions. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-11T21:19:08Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-06559e2fcc0a4ecb893533eed52cb914 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2667-1433 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-11T21:19:08Z |
| publishDate | 2022-09-01 |
| publisher | KeAi Communications Co. Ltd. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Pipeline Science and Engineering |
| spelling | doaj.art-06559e2fcc0a4ecb893533eed52cb9142022-12-22T04:02:42ZengKeAi Communications Co. Ltd.Journal of Pipeline Science and Engineering2667-14332022-09-0123100068High energy X-ray diffraction and small-angle scattering measurements of hydrogen fatigue damage in AISI 4130 steelM.J. Connolly0J-S. Park1J. Almer2M.L. Martin3R. Amaro4P.E. Bradley5D. Lauria6A.J. Slifka7National Institute of Standards and Technology, 325 Broadway, Boulder CO 80305; Corresponding Author.Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, 604393Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, 604393National Institute of Standards and Technology, 325 Broadway, Boulder CO 80305Advanced Materials Testing Technology (AMTT), Pell City, AL 35128National Institute of Standards and Technology, 325 Broadway, Boulder CO 80305National Institute of Standards and Technology, 325 Broadway, Boulder CO 80305National Institute of Standards and Technology, 325 Broadway, Boulder CO 80305ABSTRACT: Accurate lifetime predictions are critical for repurposing existing pipelines for hydrogen transmission as well as for developing novel steels which are minimally susceptible to lifetime degradation by hydrogen. Ultimately, lifetime prediction models assess the amount of damage a material undergoes during a typical service cycle and the cumulative damage a material can withstand prior to failure. However, not all damage processes are equal, and neither is the manner in which mechanical loading translates to damage the same when materials are in inert environments compared to in hydrogen environments. For example, in the three leading proposed mechanisms of hydrogen embrittlement (Hydrogen-Enhanced Decohesion (HEDE), the Hydrogen-Enhanced Localized Plasticity (HELP), and the Nano-Void Coalescence (NVC)), hydrogen is proposed to enhance the manifestation of grain separation, dislocation generation/movement, and void coalescence, respectively. A full understanding of the damage modes requires a measurement capable of probing all three mechanisms at once. Here we present simultaneous High Energy X-ray Diffraction (HEXRD) and Small-Angle X-ray Scattering (SAXS) during fatiguing of steel in hydrogen. HEXRD measurements probe strain and dislocation density; SAXS measurements probe nano-pore generation and coalescence. We will discuss the differences in damage modes between steels fatigued in air and in hydrogen and the role these difference play in lifetime predictions.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667143322000403Hydrogen embrittlementX-ray scatteringPipelinesPressure vessels |
| spellingShingle | M.J. Connolly J-S. Park J. Almer M.L. Martin R. Amaro P.E. Bradley D. Lauria A.J. Slifka High energy X-ray diffraction and small-angle scattering measurements of hydrogen fatigue damage in AISI 4130 steel Journal of Pipeline Science and Engineering Hydrogen embrittlement X-ray scattering Pipelines Pressure vessels |
| title | High energy X-ray diffraction and small-angle scattering measurements of hydrogen fatigue damage in AISI 4130 steel |
| title_full | High energy X-ray diffraction and small-angle scattering measurements of hydrogen fatigue damage in AISI 4130 steel |
| title_fullStr | High energy X-ray diffraction and small-angle scattering measurements of hydrogen fatigue damage in AISI 4130 steel |
| title_full_unstemmed | High energy X-ray diffraction and small-angle scattering measurements of hydrogen fatigue damage in AISI 4130 steel |
| title_short | High energy X-ray diffraction and small-angle scattering measurements of hydrogen fatigue damage in AISI 4130 steel |
| title_sort | high energy x ray diffraction and small angle scattering measurements of hydrogen fatigue damage in aisi 4130 steel |
| topic | Hydrogen embrittlement X-ray scattering Pipelines Pressure vessels |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667143322000403 |
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