Preliminary Data Related to the Effect of Climacostol Produced by the Freshwater Ciliate <i>Climacostomum virens</i> on Human Adenovirus
The new epidemiological scenario has so far focused on the environmental circulation of human viral pathogens. Owing to the side effects of chemical disinfectants, there is an increasing need for knowledge on the use of virucidal compounds, especially those of a natural origin. Climacostol is a mole...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2020-06-01
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| Series: | Viruses |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/12/6/658 |
| _version_ | 1797564857488244736 |
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| author | Marco Verani Graziano Di Giuseppe Ileana Federigi Federico Buonanno Claudio Ortenzi Annalaura Carducci |
| author_facet | Marco Verani Graziano Di Giuseppe Ileana Federigi Federico Buonanno Claudio Ortenzi Annalaura Carducci |
| author_sort | Marco Verani |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The new epidemiological scenario has so far focused on the environmental circulation of human viral pathogens. Owing to the side effects of chemical disinfectants, there is an increasing need for knowledge on the use of virucidal compounds, especially those of a natural origin. Climacostol is a molecule produced by a freshwater ciliate and it exhibits activity against bacterial and fungal pathogens. We thus also speculated that there might be an effect on viral viability, which has never been tested. To evaluate such activity, we chose human adenovirus (HAdV), which is representative of waterborne viruses. We conducted experiments using HAdV serotype 5, whose titer was determined by infecting HeLa cell cultures. HAdV5 was shown to be sensitive to climacostol at a concentration of 0.0002 mg/mL, with an approximate 3 Log<sub>10</sub> reduction when the initial titer of HAdV5 was approximately 10<sup>4</sup> and 10<sup>3</sup> TCID<sub>50</sub>/mL. These preliminary results could be an important starting point for further research aimed at improving the characterization of climacostol activity under different experimental conditions and against various viruses, including enveloped ones (i.e., the coronavirus). The production of climacostol by a protist living in fresh water also suggests a possible application in the activated sludge of wastewater treatment plants. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T19:03:48Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-06584910b5e444e5856dec21429f52fa |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1999-4915 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T19:03:48Z |
| publishDate | 2020-06-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Viruses |
| spelling | doaj.art-06584910b5e444e5856dec21429f52fa2023-11-20T04:15:15ZengMDPI AGViruses1999-49152020-06-0112665810.3390/v12060658Preliminary Data Related to the Effect of Climacostol Produced by the Freshwater Ciliate <i>Climacostomum virens</i> on Human AdenovirusMarco Verani0Graziano Di Giuseppe1Ileana Federigi2Federico Buonanno3Claudio Ortenzi4Annalaura Carducci5Laboratory of Hygiene and Environmental Virology, Department of Biology, University of Pisa, 56127 Pisa, ItalyZoology-Anthropology Unit, Department of Biology, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, ItalyLaboratory of Hygiene and Environmental Virology, Department of Biology, University of Pisa, 56127 Pisa, ItalyLaboratory of Protistology and Biology Education, Department of Education, Cultural Heritage, and Tourism (ECHT), University of Macerata, 62100 Macerata, ItalyLaboratory of Protistology and Biology Education, Department of Education, Cultural Heritage, and Tourism (ECHT), University of Macerata, 62100 Macerata, ItalyLaboratory of Hygiene and Environmental Virology, Department of Biology, University of Pisa, 56127 Pisa, ItalyThe new epidemiological scenario has so far focused on the environmental circulation of human viral pathogens. Owing to the side effects of chemical disinfectants, there is an increasing need for knowledge on the use of virucidal compounds, especially those of a natural origin. Climacostol is a molecule produced by a freshwater ciliate and it exhibits activity against bacterial and fungal pathogens. We thus also speculated that there might be an effect on viral viability, which has never been tested. To evaluate such activity, we chose human adenovirus (HAdV), which is representative of waterborne viruses. We conducted experiments using HAdV serotype 5, whose titer was determined by infecting HeLa cell cultures. HAdV5 was shown to be sensitive to climacostol at a concentration of 0.0002 mg/mL, with an approximate 3 Log<sub>10</sub> reduction when the initial titer of HAdV5 was approximately 10<sup>4</sup> and 10<sup>3</sup> TCID<sub>50</sub>/mL. These preliminary results could be an important starting point for further research aimed at improving the characterization of climacostol activity under different experimental conditions and against various viruses, including enveloped ones (i.e., the coronavirus). The production of climacostol by a protist living in fresh water also suggests a possible application in the activated sludge of wastewater treatment plants.https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/12/6/658human adenovirus (HAdV)viral inhibitionclimacostolnatural compound |
| spellingShingle | Marco Verani Graziano Di Giuseppe Ileana Federigi Federico Buonanno Claudio Ortenzi Annalaura Carducci Preliminary Data Related to the Effect of Climacostol Produced by the Freshwater Ciliate <i>Climacostomum virens</i> on Human Adenovirus Viruses human adenovirus (HAdV) viral inhibition climacostol natural compound |
| title | Preliminary Data Related to the Effect of Climacostol Produced by the Freshwater Ciliate <i>Climacostomum virens</i> on Human Adenovirus |
| title_full | Preliminary Data Related to the Effect of Climacostol Produced by the Freshwater Ciliate <i>Climacostomum virens</i> on Human Adenovirus |
| title_fullStr | Preliminary Data Related to the Effect of Climacostol Produced by the Freshwater Ciliate <i>Climacostomum virens</i> on Human Adenovirus |
| title_full_unstemmed | Preliminary Data Related to the Effect of Climacostol Produced by the Freshwater Ciliate <i>Climacostomum virens</i> on Human Adenovirus |
| title_short | Preliminary Data Related to the Effect of Climacostol Produced by the Freshwater Ciliate <i>Climacostomum virens</i> on Human Adenovirus |
| title_sort | preliminary data related to the effect of climacostol produced by the freshwater ciliate i climacostomum virens i on human adenovirus |
| topic | human adenovirus (HAdV) viral inhibition climacostol natural compound |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/12/6/658 |
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