Dietary cholesterol and egg intake are associated with the risk of gestational diabetes: a prospective study from Southwest China
Abstract Background An increasing body of evidence suggests that cholesterol intake increases during pregnancy and may influence the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). However, existing evidence remains controversial and limited. The present study aimed to determine the relation among diet...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
BMC
2022-01-01
|
| Series: | BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12884-022-04382-y |
| _version_ | 1798025130322952192 |
|---|---|
| author | Yiqi Zhang Xi Lan Fei Li Hong Sun Ju Zhang Run Li Yan Gao Hongli Dong Congjie Cai Guo Zeng |
| author_facet | Yiqi Zhang Xi Lan Fei Li Hong Sun Ju Zhang Run Li Yan Gao Hongli Dong Congjie Cai Guo Zeng |
| author_sort | Yiqi Zhang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background An increasing body of evidence suggests that cholesterol intake increases during pregnancy and may influence the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). However, existing evidence remains controversial and limited. The present study aimed to determine the relation among dietary cholesterol, specifically egg consumption, in pregnant Chinese women and their risk of GDM. Methods A population-based study that included 1617 pregnant women was conducted in 2017. At baseline, dietary information was collected by 24-hour dietary recalls over three days. GDM was diagnosed by a 75 g 2-hr oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) at 24-28 weeks of gestation. Logistic regression models were used to examine the associations of dietary cholesterol and egg intake with GDM. In addition, path analysis including cholesterol intake, plasma lipid profiles and GDM risk was conducted. Results The average total cholesterol intake was 340.8 mg/d, and cholesterol from eggs accounted for 59.2%. The odds ratio (OR) of GDM risk was 1.48 for the highest quartile of total cholesterol intake compared to the lowest quartile (95% CI 1.10-2.00; P trend = 0.015) after adjustment for potential risk factors for GDM. Moreover, cholesterol from eggs rather than from other foods was positively associated with incident GDM (OR=1.09, 95% CI 1.03-1.17). Each additional egg consumed per day was positively correlated with a higher risk of GDM (OR=1.32, 95% CI 1.11-1.58). Path analysis indicated that cholesterol intake not only increased the risk of GDM by elevating plasma total cholesterol (TC), but also increased the risk of GDM through other non hyperlipidemia pathways. Conclusions Maternal dietary cholesterol intake was significantly associated with incident GDM, and egg consumption was a major driver of the association in this population. More studies are needed to substantiate these findings and to explore the underlying mechanisms. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-11T18:13:44Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-065b4dfafc7647fda608ba3f775f8bf6 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1471-2393 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-11T18:13:44Z |
| publishDate | 2022-01-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth |
| spelling | doaj.art-065b4dfafc7647fda608ba3f775f8bf62022-12-22T04:10:01ZengBMCBMC Pregnancy and Childbirth1471-23932022-01-0122111110.1186/s12884-022-04382-yDietary cholesterol and egg intake are associated with the risk of gestational diabetes: a prospective study from Southwest ChinaYiqi Zhang0Xi Lan1Fei Li2Hong Sun3Ju Zhang4Run Li5Yan Gao6Hongli Dong7Congjie Cai8Guo Zeng9Department of Nutrition and Food Safety, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan UniversityDepartment of Nutrition and Food Safety, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan UniversityDepartment of Nutrition and Food Safety, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan UniversityDepartment of Nutrition and Food Safety, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan UniversityDepartment of Clinical Nutrition, Sichuan Provincial Hospital for Women and ChildrenDepartment of Clinical Nutrition, Sichuan Provincial Hospital for Women and ChildrenDepartment of Obstetrics, Sichuan Provincial Hospital for Women and ChildrenDepartment of Nutrition and Food Safety, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan UniversityDepartment of Nutrition and Food Safety, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan UniversityDepartment of Nutrition and Food Safety, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan UniversityAbstract Background An increasing body of evidence suggests that cholesterol intake increases during pregnancy and may influence the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). However, existing evidence remains controversial and limited. The present study aimed to determine the relation among dietary cholesterol, specifically egg consumption, in pregnant Chinese women and their risk of GDM. Methods A population-based study that included 1617 pregnant women was conducted in 2017. At baseline, dietary information was collected by 24-hour dietary recalls over three days. GDM was diagnosed by a 75 g 2-hr oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) at 24-28 weeks of gestation. Logistic regression models were used to examine the associations of dietary cholesterol and egg intake with GDM. In addition, path analysis including cholesterol intake, plasma lipid profiles and GDM risk was conducted. Results The average total cholesterol intake was 340.8 mg/d, and cholesterol from eggs accounted for 59.2%. The odds ratio (OR) of GDM risk was 1.48 for the highest quartile of total cholesterol intake compared to the lowest quartile (95% CI 1.10-2.00; P trend = 0.015) after adjustment for potential risk factors for GDM. Moreover, cholesterol from eggs rather than from other foods was positively associated with incident GDM (OR=1.09, 95% CI 1.03-1.17). Each additional egg consumed per day was positively correlated with a higher risk of GDM (OR=1.32, 95% CI 1.11-1.58). Path analysis indicated that cholesterol intake not only increased the risk of GDM by elevating plasma total cholesterol (TC), but also increased the risk of GDM through other non hyperlipidemia pathways. Conclusions Maternal dietary cholesterol intake was significantly associated with incident GDM, and egg consumption was a major driver of the association in this population. More studies are needed to substantiate these findings and to explore the underlying mechanisms.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12884-022-04382-yGestational diabetes mellitusDietary cholesterolEggsPregnancy |
| spellingShingle | Yiqi Zhang Xi Lan Fei Li Hong Sun Ju Zhang Run Li Yan Gao Hongli Dong Congjie Cai Guo Zeng Dietary cholesterol and egg intake are associated with the risk of gestational diabetes: a prospective study from Southwest China BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth Gestational diabetes mellitus Dietary cholesterol Eggs Pregnancy |
| title | Dietary cholesterol and egg intake are associated with the risk of gestational diabetes: a prospective study from Southwest China |
| title_full | Dietary cholesterol and egg intake are associated with the risk of gestational diabetes: a prospective study from Southwest China |
| title_fullStr | Dietary cholesterol and egg intake are associated with the risk of gestational diabetes: a prospective study from Southwest China |
| title_full_unstemmed | Dietary cholesterol and egg intake are associated with the risk of gestational diabetes: a prospective study from Southwest China |
| title_short | Dietary cholesterol and egg intake are associated with the risk of gestational diabetes: a prospective study from Southwest China |
| title_sort | dietary cholesterol and egg intake are associated with the risk of gestational diabetes a prospective study from southwest china |
| topic | Gestational diabetes mellitus Dietary cholesterol Eggs Pregnancy |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12884-022-04382-y |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT yiqizhang dietarycholesterolandeggintakeareassociatedwiththeriskofgestationaldiabetesaprospectivestudyfromsouthwestchina AT xilan dietarycholesterolandeggintakeareassociatedwiththeriskofgestationaldiabetesaprospectivestudyfromsouthwestchina AT feili dietarycholesterolandeggintakeareassociatedwiththeriskofgestationaldiabetesaprospectivestudyfromsouthwestchina AT hongsun dietarycholesterolandeggintakeareassociatedwiththeriskofgestationaldiabetesaprospectivestudyfromsouthwestchina AT juzhang dietarycholesterolandeggintakeareassociatedwiththeriskofgestationaldiabetesaprospectivestudyfromsouthwestchina AT runli dietarycholesterolandeggintakeareassociatedwiththeriskofgestationaldiabetesaprospectivestudyfromsouthwestchina AT yangao dietarycholesterolandeggintakeareassociatedwiththeriskofgestationaldiabetesaprospectivestudyfromsouthwestchina AT honglidong dietarycholesterolandeggintakeareassociatedwiththeriskofgestationaldiabetesaprospectivestudyfromsouthwestchina AT congjiecai dietarycholesterolandeggintakeareassociatedwiththeriskofgestationaldiabetesaprospectivestudyfromsouthwestchina AT guozeng dietarycholesterolandeggintakeareassociatedwiththeriskofgestationaldiabetesaprospectivestudyfromsouthwestchina |