Cytotoxicity and Apoptosis Induction of Coumarins and Carbazole Alkaloids from <i>Clausena Harmandiana</i>
Seven compounds, carbazole alkaloids (heptaphylline, 7-methoxyheptaphylline, 7-methoxymukonal) and coumarins (clausarin, dentatin, nordentatin, and xanthoxyletin), were isolated from the root bark of <i>Clausena harmandiana</i>. Antioxidation, cytotoxicity and apoptosis induction were ev...
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MDPI AG
2019-09-01
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| Series: | Molecules |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/24/18/3385 |
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| author | Porntip Jantamat Natthida Weerapreeyakul Ploenthip Puthongking |
| author_facet | Porntip Jantamat Natthida Weerapreeyakul Ploenthip Puthongking |
| author_sort | Porntip Jantamat |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Seven compounds, carbazole alkaloids (heptaphylline, 7-methoxyheptaphylline, 7-methoxymukonal) and coumarins (clausarin, dentatin, nordentatin, and xanthoxyletin), were isolated from the root bark of <i>Clausena harmandiana</i>. Antioxidation, cytotoxicity and apoptosis induction were evaluated in vitro. Results showed that clausarin exerted the highest DPPH radical scavenging and 7-methoxymukonal had the highest ferric reducing antioxidant power. In contrary, dentatin was the least DPPH radical scavenger, and heptaphylline was the least reducing antioxidant power. The isolated compounds showed different cytotoxicity. The hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2) was generally more sensitive to the isolated compounds than lung cancer (SK-LU-1), colon cancer (HCT-116), and noncancerous (Vero) cell lines, respectively. Clausarin possessed the highest cytotoxicity selectively against cancer cell lines tested. 7-Methoxymukonal and 7-methoxyheptaphylline exhibited less cytotoxicity only in HepG2 cells and were inactive in the SK-LU-1 and HCT116 cells. Despite xantoxyletin possessing low antioxidant and low cytotoxic activity, it induced the highest apoptosis percentage with the lowest necrosis percentage of HepG2 cells after 24 h. In conclusion, xantoxyletin primarily show potential anticancer activity. The root bark of <i>C. harmandiana</i> is a good source of bioactive compounds or the lead for the development of new pharmaceutical agent. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-20T19:51:21Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-06611943240740988e1e2cffa4878602 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1420-3049 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-20T19:51:21Z |
| publishDate | 2019-09-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Molecules |
| spelling | doaj.art-06611943240740988e1e2cffa48786022022-12-21T19:28:17ZengMDPI AGMolecules1420-30492019-09-012418338510.3390/molecules24183385molecules24183385Cytotoxicity and Apoptosis Induction of Coumarins and Carbazole Alkaloids from <i>Clausena Harmandiana</i>Porntip Jantamat0Natthida Weerapreeyakul1Ploenthip Puthongking2Chemistry and Natural Products Program, Graduate School, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, ThailandDivision of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, ThailandDivision of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, ThailandSeven compounds, carbazole alkaloids (heptaphylline, 7-methoxyheptaphylline, 7-methoxymukonal) and coumarins (clausarin, dentatin, nordentatin, and xanthoxyletin), were isolated from the root bark of <i>Clausena harmandiana</i>. Antioxidation, cytotoxicity and apoptosis induction were evaluated in vitro. Results showed that clausarin exerted the highest DPPH radical scavenging and 7-methoxymukonal had the highest ferric reducing antioxidant power. In contrary, dentatin was the least DPPH radical scavenger, and heptaphylline was the least reducing antioxidant power. The isolated compounds showed different cytotoxicity. The hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2) was generally more sensitive to the isolated compounds than lung cancer (SK-LU-1), colon cancer (HCT-116), and noncancerous (Vero) cell lines, respectively. Clausarin possessed the highest cytotoxicity selectively against cancer cell lines tested. 7-Methoxymukonal and 7-methoxyheptaphylline exhibited less cytotoxicity only in HepG2 cells and were inactive in the SK-LU-1 and HCT116 cells. Despite xantoxyletin possessing low antioxidant and low cytotoxic activity, it induced the highest apoptosis percentage with the lowest necrosis percentage of HepG2 cells after 24 h. In conclusion, xantoxyletin primarily show potential anticancer activity. The root bark of <i>C. harmandiana</i> is a good source of bioactive compounds or the lead for the development of new pharmaceutical agent.https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/24/18/3385cytotoxicityantioxidantapoptosiscarbzole alkaloidscoumarins<i>Clausena harmandiana</i> |
| spellingShingle | Porntip Jantamat Natthida Weerapreeyakul Ploenthip Puthongking Cytotoxicity and Apoptosis Induction of Coumarins and Carbazole Alkaloids from <i>Clausena Harmandiana</i> Molecules cytotoxicity antioxidant apoptosis carbzole alkaloids coumarins <i>Clausena harmandiana</i> |
| title | Cytotoxicity and Apoptosis Induction of Coumarins and Carbazole Alkaloids from <i>Clausena Harmandiana</i> |
| title_full | Cytotoxicity and Apoptosis Induction of Coumarins and Carbazole Alkaloids from <i>Clausena Harmandiana</i> |
| title_fullStr | Cytotoxicity and Apoptosis Induction of Coumarins and Carbazole Alkaloids from <i>Clausena Harmandiana</i> |
| title_full_unstemmed | Cytotoxicity and Apoptosis Induction of Coumarins and Carbazole Alkaloids from <i>Clausena Harmandiana</i> |
| title_short | Cytotoxicity and Apoptosis Induction of Coumarins and Carbazole Alkaloids from <i>Clausena Harmandiana</i> |
| title_sort | cytotoxicity and apoptosis induction of coumarins and carbazole alkaloids from i clausena harmandiana i |
| topic | cytotoxicity antioxidant apoptosis carbzole alkaloids coumarins <i>Clausena harmandiana</i> |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/24/18/3385 |
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