| Summary: | The dual-specificity phosphatase (DUSP) family plays an important role in response to adverse external factors. In this study, the DUSP5 from <i>Epinephelus coioides</i>, an important marine fish in Southeast Asia and China, was isolated and characterized. As expected, <i>E. coioides</i> DUSP5 contained four conserved domains: a rhodanese homology domain (RHOD); a dual-specificity phosphatase catalytic domain (DSPc); and two regions of low compositional complexity, indicating that <i>E. coioides</i> DUSP5 belongs to the DUSP family. <i>E. coioides</i> DUSP5 mRNA could be detected in all of the examined tissues, and was mainly distributed in the nucleus. Infection with Singapore grouper iridovirus (SGIV), one of the most important pathogens of marine fish, could inhibit the expression of <i>E. coioides</i> DUSP5. The overexpression of DUSP5 could significantly downregulate the expression of the key SGIV genes (MCP, ICP18, VP19, and LITAF), viral titers, the activity of NF-κB and AP-I, and the expression of pro-inflammatory factors (IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α) of <i>E. coioides</i>, but could upregulate the expressions of caspase3 and p53, as well as SGIV-induced apoptosis. The results demonstrate that <i>E. coioides</i> DUSP5 could inhibit SGIV infection by regulating <i>E</i>. <i>coioides</i> immune-related factors, indicating that DUSP5 might be involved in viral infection.
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