Functional Analysis of <i>FgNahG</i> Clarifies the Contribution of Salicylic Acid to Wheat (<i>Triticum aestivum</i>) Resistance against Fusarium Head Blight
Salicylic acid (SA) is a key defense hormone associated with wheat resistance against Fusarium head blight, which is a severe disease mainly caused by <i>Fusarium graminearum</i>. Although <i>F. graminearum</i> can metabolize SA, it remains unclear how this metabolic activity...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2019-01-01
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| Series: | Toxins |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/11/2/59 |
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| author | Peng-Fei Qi Ya-Zhou Zhang Cai-Hong Liu Qing Chen Zhen-Ru Guo Yan Wang Bin-Jie Xu Yun-Feng Jiang Ting Zheng Xi Gong Cui-Hua Luo Wang Wu Li Kong Mei Deng Jian Ma Xiu-Jin Lan Qian-Tao Jiang Yu-Ming Wei Ji-Rui Wang You-Liang Zheng |
| author_facet | Peng-Fei Qi Ya-Zhou Zhang Cai-Hong Liu Qing Chen Zhen-Ru Guo Yan Wang Bin-Jie Xu Yun-Feng Jiang Ting Zheng Xi Gong Cui-Hua Luo Wang Wu Li Kong Mei Deng Jian Ma Xiu-Jin Lan Qian-Tao Jiang Yu-Ming Wei Ji-Rui Wang You-Liang Zheng |
| author_sort | Peng-Fei Qi |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Salicylic acid (SA) is a key defense hormone associated with wheat resistance against Fusarium head blight, which is a severe disease mainly caused by <i>Fusarium graminearum</i>. Although <i>F. graminearum</i> can metabolize SA, it remains unclear how this metabolic activity affects the wheat⁻<i>F. graminearum</i> interaction. In this study, we identified a salicylate hydroxylase gene (<i>FG05_08116</i>; <i>FgNahG</i>) in <i>F. graminearum</i>. This gene encodes a protein that catalyzes the conversion of SA to catechol. Additionally, FgNahG was widely distributed within hyphae. Disrupting the <i>FgNahG</i> gene (Δ<i>FgNahG</i>) led to enhanced sensitivity to SA, increased accumulation of SA in wheat spikes during the early infection stage and inhibited development of head blight symptoms. However, <i>FgNahG</i> did not affect mycotoxin production. Re-introducing a functional <i>FgNahG</i> gene into the Δ<i>FgNahG</i> mutant recovered the wild-type phenotype. Moreover, the expression of <i>FgNahG</i> in transgenic <i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i> decreased the SA concentration and the resistance of leaves to <i>F. graminearum</i>. These results indicate that the endogenous SA in wheat influences the resistance against <i>F. graminearum</i>. Furthermore, the capacity to metabolize SA is an important factor affecting the ability of <i>F. graminearum</i> to infect wheat plants. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-11T13:24:10Z |
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| id | doaj.art-066a015bb6004c0899261028d98ab9e4 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2072-6651 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-11T13:24:10Z |
| publishDate | 2019-01-01 |
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| series | Toxins |
| spelling | doaj.art-066a015bb6004c0899261028d98ab9e42022-12-22T04:22:06ZengMDPI AGToxins2072-66512019-01-011125910.3390/toxins11020059toxins11020059Functional Analysis of <i>FgNahG</i> Clarifies the Contribution of Salicylic Acid to Wheat (<i>Triticum aestivum</i>) Resistance against Fusarium Head BlightPeng-Fei Qi0Ya-Zhou Zhang1Cai-Hong Liu2Qing Chen3Zhen-Ru Guo4Yan Wang5Bin-Jie Xu6Yun-Feng Jiang7Ting Zheng8Xi Gong9Cui-Hua Luo10Wang Wu11Li Kong12Mei Deng13Jian Ma14Xiu-Jin Lan15Qian-Tao Jiang16Yu-Ming Wei17Ji-Rui Wang18You-Liang Zheng19State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics of Disease Resistance and Disease Control, Chengdu 611130, ChinaTriticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, ChinaTriticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, ChinaTriticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, ChinaTriticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, ChinaTriticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, ChinaTriticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, ChinaTriticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, ChinaTriticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, ChinaTriticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, ChinaTriticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, ChinaTriticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, ChinaTriticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, ChinaTriticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, ChinaTriticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, ChinaTriticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, ChinaTriticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, ChinaTriticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics of Disease Resistance and Disease Control, Chengdu 611130, ChinaTriticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, ChinaSalicylic acid (SA) is a key defense hormone associated with wheat resistance against Fusarium head blight, which is a severe disease mainly caused by <i>Fusarium graminearum</i>. Although <i>F. graminearum</i> can metabolize SA, it remains unclear how this metabolic activity affects the wheat⁻<i>F. graminearum</i> interaction. In this study, we identified a salicylate hydroxylase gene (<i>FG05_08116</i>; <i>FgNahG</i>) in <i>F. graminearum</i>. This gene encodes a protein that catalyzes the conversion of SA to catechol. Additionally, FgNahG was widely distributed within hyphae. Disrupting the <i>FgNahG</i> gene (Δ<i>FgNahG</i>) led to enhanced sensitivity to SA, increased accumulation of SA in wheat spikes during the early infection stage and inhibited development of head blight symptoms. However, <i>FgNahG</i> did not affect mycotoxin production. Re-introducing a functional <i>FgNahG</i> gene into the Δ<i>FgNahG</i> mutant recovered the wild-type phenotype. Moreover, the expression of <i>FgNahG</i> in transgenic <i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i> decreased the SA concentration and the resistance of leaves to <i>F. graminearum</i>. These results indicate that the endogenous SA in wheat influences the resistance against <i>F. graminearum</i>. Furthermore, the capacity to metabolize SA is an important factor affecting the ability of <i>F. graminearum</i> to infect wheat plants.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/11/2/59salicylic acidhydroxylasecatecholmycotoxindefense |
| spellingShingle | Peng-Fei Qi Ya-Zhou Zhang Cai-Hong Liu Qing Chen Zhen-Ru Guo Yan Wang Bin-Jie Xu Yun-Feng Jiang Ting Zheng Xi Gong Cui-Hua Luo Wang Wu Li Kong Mei Deng Jian Ma Xiu-Jin Lan Qian-Tao Jiang Yu-Ming Wei Ji-Rui Wang You-Liang Zheng Functional Analysis of <i>FgNahG</i> Clarifies the Contribution of Salicylic Acid to Wheat (<i>Triticum aestivum</i>) Resistance against Fusarium Head Blight Toxins salicylic acid hydroxylase catechol mycotoxin defense |
| title | Functional Analysis of <i>FgNahG</i> Clarifies the Contribution of Salicylic Acid to Wheat (<i>Triticum aestivum</i>) Resistance against Fusarium Head Blight |
| title_full | Functional Analysis of <i>FgNahG</i> Clarifies the Contribution of Salicylic Acid to Wheat (<i>Triticum aestivum</i>) Resistance against Fusarium Head Blight |
| title_fullStr | Functional Analysis of <i>FgNahG</i> Clarifies the Contribution of Salicylic Acid to Wheat (<i>Triticum aestivum</i>) Resistance against Fusarium Head Blight |
| title_full_unstemmed | Functional Analysis of <i>FgNahG</i> Clarifies the Contribution of Salicylic Acid to Wheat (<i>Triticum aestivum</i>) Resistance against Fusarium Head Blight |
| title_short | Functional Analysis of <i>FgNahG</i> Clarifies the Contribution of Salicylic Acid to Wheat (<i>Triticum aestivum</i>) Resistance against Fusarium Head Blight |
| title_sort | functional analysis of i fgnahg i clarifies the contribution of salicylic acid to wheat i triticum aestivum i resistance against fusarium head blight |
| topic | salicylic acid hydroxylase catechol mycotoxin defense |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/11/2/59 |
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