Surfactants as Performance-Enhancing Additives in Supercapacitor Electrolyte Solutions—An Overview
Wetting the surface area of an electrode material as completely as possible is desirable to achieve optimum specific capacity of an electrode material. Keeping this surface area utilized even at high current densities and even when inside pores is required for high capacitance retention. The additio...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-12-01
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| Series: | Batteries |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2313-0105/10/1/4 |
| _version_ | 1797344591678013440 |
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| author | Xuecheng Chen Rudolf Holze |
| author_facet | Xuecheng Chen Rudolf Holze |
| author_sort | Xuecheng Chen |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Wetting the surface area of an electrode material as completely as possible is desirable to achieve optimum specific capacity of an electrode material. Keeping this surface area utilized even at high current densities and even when inside pores is required for high capacitance retention. The addition of surfactants at very small concentrations to aqueous supercapacitor electrolyte solutions has been suggested as a way to improve performance in terms of capacitance, capacitance retention at increased current density and stability. Effects are pronounced with carbon materials used in electrochemical double-layer capacitors; they are also observed with redox materials. The causes of the observed improvements and mode of operation of the added surfactants seem to need further investigation; they are inconclusive beyond the obvious statement of increased wetting. Reported examples and the current state of understanding are reviewed. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-08T11:04:57Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-066d6e0f62ff406db0c4ed047190bfb4 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2313-0105 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-08T11:04:57Z |
| publishDate | 2023-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Batteries |
| spelling | doaj.art-066d6e0f62ff406db0c4ed047190bfb42024-01-26T15:04:21ZengMDPI AGBatteries2313-01052023-12-01101410.3390/batteries10010004Surfactants as Performance-Enhancing Additives in Supercapacitor Electrolyte Solutions—An OverviewXuecheng Chen0Rudolf Holze1Faculty of Chemical Technology and Engineering, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin, Piastów Ave. 42, 71-065 Szczecin, PolandChemnitz University of Technology, D-09107 Chemnitz, GermanyWetting the surface area of an electrode material as completely as possible is desirable to achieve optimum specific capacity of an electrode material. Keeping this surface area utilized even at high current densities and even when inside pores is required for high capacitance retention. The addition of surfactants at very small concentrations to aqueous supercapacitor electrolyte solutions has been suggested as a way to improve performance in terms of capacitance, capacitance retention at increased current density and stability. Effects are pronounced with carbon materials used in electrochemical double-layer capacitors; they are also observed with redox materials. The causes of the observed improvements and mode of operation of the added surfactants seem to need further investigation; they are inconclusive beyond the obvious statement of increased wetting. Reported examples and the current state of understanding are reviewed.https://www.mdpi.com/2313-0105/10/1/4supercapacitorultracapacitorelectrochemical capacitorsurfactantanionic surfactantcationic surfactant |
| spellingShingle | Xuecheng Chen Rudolf Holze Surfactants as Performance-Enhancing Additives in Supercapacitor Electrolyte Solutions—An Overview Batteries supercapacitor ultracapacitor electrochemical capacitor surfactant anionic surfactant cationic surfactant |
| title | Surfactants as Performance-Enhancing Additives in Supercapacitor Electrolyte Solutions—An Overview |
| title_full | Surfactants as Performance-Enhancing Additives in Supercapacitor Electrolyte Solutions—An Overview |
| title_fullStr | Surfactants as Performance-Enhancing Additives in Supercapacitor Electrolyte Solutions—An Overview |
| title_full_unstemmed | Surfactants as Performance-Enhancing Additives in Supercapacitor Electrolyte Solutions—An Overview |
| title_short | Surfactants as Performance-Enhancing Additives in Supercapacitor Electrolyte Solutions—An Overview |
| title_sort | surfactants as performance enhancing additives in supercapacitor electrolyte solutions an overview |
| topic | supercapacitor ultracapacitor electrochemical capacitor surfactant anionic surfactant cationic surfactant |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2313-0105/10/1/4 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT xuechengchen surfactantsasperformanceenhancingadditivesinsupercapacitorelectrolytesolutionsanoverview AT rudolfholze surfactantsasperformanceenhancingadditivesinsupercapacitorelectrolytesolutionsanoverview |