Stable Isotope Analyses Reveal Impact of Fe and Zn on Cd Uptake and Translocation by <i>Theobroma cacao</i>
High concentrations of toxic cadmium (Cd) in soils are problematic as the element accumulates in food crops such as rice and cacao. A mitigation strategy to minimise Cd accumulation is to enhance the competitive uptake of plant-essential metals. <i>Theobroma cacao</i> seedlings were grow...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2024-02-01
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| Series: | Plants |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/13/4/551 |
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| author | Rebekah E. T. Moore Ihsan Ullah Jim M. Dunwell Mark Rehkämper |
| author_facet | Rebekah E. T. Moore Ihsan Ullah Jim M. Dunwell Mark Rehkämper |
| author_sort | Rebekah E. T. Moore |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | High concentrations of toxic cadmium (Cd) in soils are problematic as the element accumulates in food crops such as rice and cacao. A mitigation strategy to minimise Cd accumulation is to enhance the competitive uptake of plant-essential metals. <i>Theobroma cacao</i> seedlings were grown hydroponically with added Cd. Eight different treatments were used, which included/excluded hydroponic or foliar zinc (Zn) and/or iron (Fe) for the final growth period. Analyses of Cd concentrations and natural stable isotope compositions by multiple collector ICP-MS were conducted. Cadmium uptake and translocation decreased when Fe was removed from the hydroponic solutions, while the application of foliar Zn-EDTA may enhance Cd translocation. No significant differences in isotope fractionation during uptake were found between treatments. Data from all treatments fit a single Cd isotope fractionation model associated with sequestration (seq) of isotopically light Cd in roots and unidirectional mobilisation (mob) of isotopically heavier Cd to the leaves (ε<sup>114</sup>Cd<sub>seq-mob</sub> = −0.13‰). This result is in excellent agreement with data from an investigation of 19 genetically diverse cacao clones. The different Cd dynamics exhibited by the clones and seen in response to different Fe availability may be linked to similar physiological processes, such as the regulation of specific transporter proteins. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-07T22:16:31Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-066f86e674b640308231427d6ff1e2e8 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2223-7747 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-07T22:16:31Z |
| publishDate | 2024-02-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Plants |
| spelling | doaj.art-066f86e674b640308231427d6ff1e2e82024-02-23T15:32:05ZengMDPI AGPlants2223-77472024-02-0113455110.3390/plants13040551Stable Isotope Analyses Reveal Impact of Fe and Zn on Cd Uptake and Translocation by <i>Theobroma cacao</i>Rebekah E. T. Moore0Ihsan Ullah1Jim M. Dunwell2Mark Rehkämper3Department of Earth Science and Engineering, Imperial College, London SW7 2BP, UKSchool of Agriculture, Policy and Development, University of Reading, Reading RG6 6EU, UKSchool of Agriculture, Policy and Development, University of Reading, Reading RG6 6EU, UKDepartment of Earth Science and Engineering, Imperial College, London SW7 2BP, UKHigh concentrations of toxic cadmium (Cd) in soils are problematic as the element accumulates in food crops such as rice and cacao. A mitigation strategy to minimise Cd accumulation is to enhance the competitive uptake of plant-essential metals. <i>Theobroma cacao</i> seedlings were grown hydroponically with added Cd. Eight different treatments were used, which included/excluded hydroponic or foliar zinc (Zn) and/or iron (Fe) for the final growth period. Analyses of Cd concentrations and natural stable isotope compositions by multiple collector ICP-MS were conducted. Cadmium uptake and translocation decreased when Fe was removed from the hydroponic solutions, while the application of foliar Zn-EDTA may enhance Cd translocation. No significant differences in isotope fractionation during uptake were found between treatments. Data from all treatments fit a single Cd isotope fractionation model associated with sequestration (seq) of isotopically light Cd in roots and unidirectional mobilisation (mob) of isotopically heavier Cd to the leaves (ε<sup>114</sup>Cd<sub>seq-mob</sub> = −0.13‰). This result is in excellent agreement with data from an investigation of 19 genetically diverse cacao clones. The different Cd dynamics exhibited by the clones and seen in response to different Fe availability may be linked to similar physiological processes, such as the regulation of specific transporter proteins.https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/13/4/551cadmiumCdironFezincZn |
| spellingShingle | Rebekah E. T. Moore Ihsan Ullah Jim M. Dunwell Mark Rehkämper Stable Isotope Analyses Reveal Impact of Fe and Zn on Cd Uptake and Translocation by <i>Theobroma cacao</i> Plants cadmium Cd iron Fe zinc Zn |
| title | Stable Isotope Analyses Reveal Impact of Fe and Zn on Cd Uptake and Translocation by <i>Theobroma cacao</i> |
| title_full | Stable Isotope Analyses Reveal Impact of Fe and Zn on Cd Uptake and Translocation by <i>Theobroma cacao</i> |
| title_fullStr | Stable Isotope Analyses Reveal Impact of Fe and Zn on Cd Uptake and Translocation by <i>Theobroma cacao</i> |
| title_full_unstemmed | Stable Isotope Analyses Reveal Impact of Fe and Zn on Cd Uptake and Translocation by <i>Theobroma cacao</i> |
| title_short | Stable Isotope Analyses Reveal Impact of Fe and Zn on Cd Uptake and Translocation by <i>Theobroma cacao</i> |
| title_sort | stable isotope analyses reveal impact of fe and zn on cd uptake and translocation by i theobroma cacao i |
| topic | cadmium Cd iron Fe zinc Zn |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/13/4/551 |
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