Temporal Dynamics of Incidence of Shot Hole Disease Affected by Training Systems and Cultivar Susceptibilities in an Integrated Plum Orchard
Shot hole disease (SHD) can cause severe epidemics in plum orchards, depending on cultivar susceptibility and training system; however, the combined effect on the progress of temporal disease and on the possible reduction in SHD in the disease management was not investigated. The aim of this 3-year...
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MDPI AG
2022-05-01
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| Series: | Journal of Fungi |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2309-608X/8/6/580 |
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| author | Bianka Molnár Szilárd Szabó Imre J. Holb |
| author_facet | Bianka Molnár Szilárd Szabó Imre J. Holb |
| author_sort | Bianka Molnár |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Shot hole disease (SHD) can cause severe epidemics in plum orchards, depending on cultivar susceptibility and training system; however, the combined effect on the progress of temporal disease and on the possible reduction in SHD in the disease management was not investigated. The aim of this 3-year study was (i) to monitor and analyze the temporal dynamics of SHD progress under four training systems (4 × 1.5, 4 × 2, 5 × 2.5 and 6 × 3 m) and on four plum cultivars (‘Čačanska lepotica’, ‘Bluefre’, ‘Stanley’ and ‘President’) in an integrated plum orchard; (ii) to identify those time periods when training system and cultivar combinations can reduce the disease development. Both SHD incidences and the area under the disease progress curves (AUDPC) were significantly affected by the training system, cultivar and year. Plum cultivars with high or mid–high susceptibility to SHD showed continuous SHD development from May to November, while cultivars with low susceptibility to SHD showed no symptoms until mid-summer and then progressed slowly until November. High (4 × 1.5 m) vs. low (6 × 3 m) density training systems reduced SHD incidence and AUDPC consistently for three cultivars (‘Čačanska lepotica’, ‘Stanley’ and ‘President’) in September, October and November, compared to the high-density training system. Only cv. ‘Bluefre’ showed no effect either on disease incidence or AUDPC, due to very high disease incidences in all training systems from September to November. In conclusions, combinations of training system and cultivar can significantly reduce SHD incidence, which may be successfully used as a part of the integrated pest management approach during the establishment new plantations. |
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| format | Article |
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| issn | 2309-608X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T23:22:04Z |
| publishDate | 2022-05-01 |
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| series | Journal of Fungi |
| spelling | doaj.art-06872d49cb674645b595a1782cd5148d2023-11-23T17:24:27ZengMDPI AGJournal of Fungi2309-608X2022-05-018658010.3390/jof8060580Temporal Dynamics of Incidence of Shot Hole Disease Affected by Training Systems and Cultivar Susceptibilities in an Integrated Plum OrchardBianka Molnár0Szilárd Szabó1Imre J. Holb2Faculty of Agronomy, University of Debrecen, Böszörményi út 138, H-4032 Debrecen, HungaryDepartment of Physical Geography and Geoinformatics, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, HungaryFaculty of Agronomy, University of Debrecen, Böszörményi út 138, H-4032 Debrecen, HungaryShot hole disease (SHD) can cause severe epidemics in plum orchards, depending on cultivar susceptibility and training system; however, the combined effect on the progress of temporal disease and on the possible reduction in SHD in the disease management was not investigated. The aim of this 3-year study was (i) to monitor and analyze the temporal dynamics of SHD progress under four training systems (4 × 1.5, 4 × 2, 5 × 2.5 and 6 × 3 m) and on four plum cultivars (‘Čačanska lepotica’, ‘Bluefre’, ‘Stanley’ and ‘President’) in an integrated plum orchard; (ii) to identify those time periods when training system and cultivar combinations can reduce the disease development. Both SHD incidences and the area under the disease progress curves (AUDPC) were significantly affected by the training system, cultivar and year. Plum cultivars with high or mid–high susceptibility to SHD showed continuous SHD development from May to November, while cultivars with low susceptibility to SHD showed no symptoms until mid-summer and then progressed slowly until November. High (4 × 1.5 m) vs. low (6 × 3 m) density training systems reduced SHD incidence and AUDPC consistently for three cultivars (‘Čačanska lepotica’, ‘Stanley’ and ‘President’) in September, October and November, compared to the high-density training system. Only cv. ‘Bluefre’ showed no effect either on disease incidence or AUDPC, due to very high disease incidences in all training systems from September to November. In conclusions, combinations of training system and cultivar can significantly reduce SHD incidence, which may be successfully used as a part of the integrated pest management approach during the establishment new plantations.https://www.mdpi.com/2309-608X/8/6/580shot hole<i>Stigmina carpophila</i><i>Wilsonomyces carpophilus</i>training systemcultivar susceptibilityplum cultivar |
| spellingShingle | Bianka Molnár Szilárd Szabó Imre J. Holb Temporal Dynamics of Incidence of Shot Hole Disease Affected by Training Systems and Cultivar Susceptibilities in an Integrated Plum Orchard Journal of Fungi shot hole <i>Stigmina carpophila</i> <i>Wilsonomyces carpophilus</i> training system cultivar susceptibility plum cultivar |
| title | Temporal Dynamics of Incidence of Shot Hole Disease Affected by Training Systems and Cultivar Susceptibilities in an Integrated Plum Orchard |
| title_full | Temporal Dynamics of Incidence of Shot Hole Disease Affected by Training Systems and Cultivar Susceptibilities in an Integrated Plum Orchard |
| title_fullStr | Temporal Dynamics of Incidence of Shot Hole Disease Affected by Training Systems and Cultivar Susceptibilities in an Integrated Plum Orchard |
| title_full_unstemmed | Temporal Dynamics of Incidence of Shot Hole Disease Affected by Training Systems and Cultivar Susceptibilities in an Integrated Plum Orchard |
| title_short | Temporal Dynamics of Incidence of Shot Hole Disease Affected by Training Systems and Cultivar Susceptibilities in an Integrated Plum Orchard |
| title_sort | temporal dynamics of incidence of shot hole disease affected by training systems and cultivar susceptibilities in an integrated plum orchard |
| topic | shot hole <i>Stigmina carpophila</i> <i>Wilsonomyces carpophilus</i> training system cultivar susceptibility plum cultivar |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2309-608X/8/6/580 |
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