Toxicity effects of size fractions of incinerated sewage sludge bottom ash on human cell lines
Sewage sludge bottom ash (SSBA) from the incineration plant used for the production of construction materials possibly possess heavy metals which might cause a negative impact on human health. Considering biosafety, we investigated the toxicity effects of 0.5–2 mm (aggregate substitute) and < 0.0...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Elsevier
2022-01-01
|
| Series: | Environment International |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0160412021005067 |
| _version_ | 1830509618233606144 |
|---|---|
| author | Anbu Mozhi Arun Kumar Prabhakar Babu Cadiam Mohan Vishnu Sunil Jia Heng Teoh Chi-Hwa Wang |
| author_facet | Anbu Mozhi Arun Kumar Prabhakar Babu Cadiam Mohan Vishnu Sunil Jia Heng Teoh Chi-Hwa Wang |
| author_sort | Anbu Mozhi |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Sewage sludge bottom ash (SSBA) from the incineration plant used for the production of construction materials possibly possess heavy metals which might cause a negative impact on human health. Considering biosafety, we investigated the toxicity effects of 0.5–2 mm (aggregate substitute) and < 0.075 mm (cement substitute) in its solid and leachate form on human lung fibroblast cells (MRC-5) and human skin epidermal cells (HaCaT) on exposure through contact. MTS assay revealed the cellular responses of lung and skin cell lines to the leachates showing that the skin cells, which often interact with the external environment displayed better tolerance than the lung cells, whereas solid ash showed a concentration and size-dependent toxicity. Solid ash was found to downregulate the intracellular glutathione/superoxide dismutase activities and upregulate lactate dehydrogenase/lipid peroxidation activities thus inducing oxidative stress to the cell and subsequently resulting in the cell membrane leakage, destructive mitochondrial membrane potential (Δψm), apoptosis, and DNA damage, which is nearly 7-fold higher than the negative control. At a high concentration, DNA damage index of 1.09 and 1.29 was observed for the 0.5–2 mm sized ash leachate on skin cells and lung cells respectively, whereas for ash (<0.075 mm size) leachate, this fraction was 1.29 and 2.96, respectively. Overall, the ash leachate is found to be safer/biocompatible if they come in contact with humans as compared to SSBA in its solid form. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-22T01:36:34Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-068bb1d9c2e443f89ec553a96354e3cd |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 0160-4120 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-22T01:36:34Z |
| publishDate | 2022-01-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Environment International |
| spelling | doaj.art-068bb1d9c2e443f89ec553a96354e3cd2022-12-21T18:43:20ZengElsevierEnvironment International0160-41202022-01-01158106881Toxicity effects of size fractions of incinerated sewage sludge bottom ash on human cell linesAnbu Mozhi0Arun Kumar Prabhakar1Babu Cadiam Mohan2Vishnu Sunil3Jia Heng Teoh4Chi-Hwa Wang5NUS Environmental Research Institute, National University of Singapore, 1 Create Way, Create Tower #15-02, 138602, Singapore; Energy and Environmental Sustainability Solutions for Megacities (E2S2), Campus for Research Excellence and Technological Enterprise (CREATE), 138602, SingaporeNUS Environmental Research Institute, National University of Singapore, 1 Create Way, Create Tower #15-02, 138602, Singapore; Energy and Environmental Sustainability Solutions for Megacities (E2S2), Campus for Research Excellence and Technological Enterprise (CREATE), 138602, SingaporeDepartment of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, 117585, SingaporeDepartment of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, 117585, SingaporeDepartment of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, 117585, SingaporeEnergy and Environmental Sustainability Solutions for Megacities (E2S2), Campus for Research Excellence and Technological Enterprise (CREATE), 138602, Singapore; Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, 117585, Singapore; Corresponding author at: Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, 117585, Singapore.Sewage sludge bottom ash (SSBA) from the incineration plant used for the production of construction materials possibly possess heavy metals which might cause a negative impact on human health. Considering biosafety, we investigated the toxicity effects of 0.5–2 mm (aggregate substitute) and < 0.075 mm (cement substitute) in its solid and leachate form on human lung fibroblast cells (MRC-5) and human skin epidermal cells (HaCaT) on exposure through contact. MTS assay revealed the cellular responses of lung and skin cell lines to the leachates showing that the skin cells, which often interact with the external environment displayed better tolerance than the lung cells, whereas solid ash showed a concentration and size-dependent toxicity. Solid ash was found to downregulate the intracellular glutathione/superoxide dismutase activities and upregulate lactate dehydrogenase/lipid peroxidation activities thus inducing oxidative stress to the cell and subsequently resulting in the cell membrane leakage, destructive mitochondrial membrane potential (Δψm), apoptosis, and DNA damage, which is nearly 7-fold higher than the negative control. At a high concentration, DNA damage index of 1.09 and 1.29 was observed for the 0.5–2 mm sized ash leachate on skin cells and lung cells respectively, whereas for ash (<0.075 mm size) leachate, this fraction was 1.29 and 2.96, respectively. Overall, the ash leachate is found to be safer/biocompatible if they come in contact with humans as compared to SSBA in its solid form.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0160412021005067Aggregate substituteHeavy metalsReactive oxygen speciesLipid peroxidationMitochondrial membrane potential |
| spellingShingle | Anbu Mozhi Arun Kumar Prabhakar Babu Cadiam Mohan Vishnu Sunil Jia Heng Teoh Chi-Hwa Wang Toxicity effects of size fractions of incinerated sewage sludge bottom ash on human cell lines Environment International Aggregate substitute Heavy metals Reactive oxygen species Lipid peroxidation Mitochondrial membrane potential |
| title | Toxicity effects of size fractions of incinerated sewage sludge bottom ash on human cell lines |
| title_full | Toxicity effects of size fractions of incinerated sewage sludge bottom ash on human cell lines |
| title_fullStr | Toxicity effects of size fractions of incinerated sewage sludge bottom ash on human cell lines |
| title_full_unstemmed | Toxicity effects of size fractions of incinerated sewage sludge bottom ash on human cell lines |
| title_short | Toxicity effects of size fractions of incinerated sewage sludge bottom ash on human cell lines |
| title_sort | toxicity effects of size fractions of incinerated sewage sludge bottom ash on human cell lines |
| topic | Aggregate substitute Heavy metals Reactive oxygen species Lipid peroxidation Mitochondrial membrane potential |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0160412021005067 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT anbumozhi toxicityeffectsofsizefractionsofincineratedsewagesludgebottomashonhumancelllines AT arunkumarprabhakar toxicityeffectsofsizefractionsofincineratedsewagesludgebottomashonhumancelllines AT babucadiammohan toxicityeffectsofsizefractionsofincineratedsewagesludgebottomashonhumancelllines AT vishnusunil toxicityeffectsofsizefractionsofincineratedsewagesludgebottomashonhumancelllines AT jiahengteoh toxicityeffectsofsizefractionsofincineratedsewagesludgebottomashonhumancelllines AT chihwawang toxicityeffectsofsizefractionsofincineratedsewagesludgebottomashonhumancelllines |