Measurement of Phthalates in Settled Dust in University Dormitories and Its Implications for Exposure Assessment
Six phthalates: dimethyl phthalate (DMP), diethyl phthalate (DEP), di(n-butyl) phthalate (DnBP), butyl benzyl phthalate (BBzP), di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), and di(n-octyl) phthalate (DOP) in settled dust on different indoor surfaces were measured in 30 university dormitories. A Monte Carlo si...
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| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-03-01
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| Series: | Atmosphere |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4433/14/4/612 |
| _version_ | 1797606397189292032 |
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| author | Jiahui Wang Fangzhou Yuan Haitian Ye Zhongming Bu |
| author_facet | Jiahui Wang Fangzhou Yuan Haitian Ye Zhongming Bu |
| author_sort | Jiahui Wang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Six phthalates: dimethyl phthalate (DMP), diethyl phthalate (DEP), di(n-butyl) phthalate (DnBP), butyl benzyl phthalate (BBzP), di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), and di(n-octyl) phthalate (DOP) in settled dust on different indoor surfaces were measured in 30 university dormitories. A Monte Carlo simulation was used to estimate college students’ exposure via inhalation, non-dietary ingestion, and dermal absorption based on measured concentrations. The detection frequencies for targeted phthalates were more than 80% except for DEP (roughly 70%). DEHP was the most prevalent compound in the dust samples, followed by DnBP, DOP, and BBzP. Statistical analysis suggested that phthalate levels were higher in bedside dust than that collected from table surfaces, indicating a nonuniform distribution of dust-phase phthalates in the sleep environment. The simulation showed that the median DMP daily intake was 0.81 μg/kg/day, which was the greatest of the targeted phthalates. For the total exposures to all phthalates, the mean contribution of exposures during the daytime and sleeping time was 54% and 46%, respectively. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T05:14:37Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-068d76558a384863bcbfd2ee4072b81d |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4433 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T05:14:37Z |
| publishDate | 2023-03-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Atmosphere |
| spelling | doaj.art-068d76558a384863bcbfd2ee4072b81d2023-11-17T18:16:21ZengMDPI AGAtmosphere2073-44332023-03-0114461210.3390/atmos14040612Measurement of Phthalates in Settled Dust in University Dormitories and Its Implications for Exposure AssessmentJiahui Wang0Fangzhou Yuan1Haitian Ye2Zhongming Bu3School of Urban Construction, Hangzhou Polytechnic, Hangzhou 311402, ChinaDepartment of Energy and Environmental System Engineering, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou 310023, ChinaDepartment of Energy and Environmental System Engineering, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou 310023, ChinaDepartment of Energy and Environmental System Engineering, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou 310023, ChinaSix phthalates: dimethyl phthalate (DMP), diethyl phthalate (DEP), di(n-butyl) phthalate (DnBP), butyl benzyl phthalate (BBzP), di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), and di(n-octyl) phthalate (DOP) in settled dust on different indoor surfaces were measured in 30 university dormitories. A Monte Carlo simulation was used to estimate college students’ exposure via inhalation, non-dietary ingestion, and dermal absorption based on measured concentrations. The detection frequencies for targeted phthalates were more than 80% except for DEP (roughly 70%). DEHP was the most prevalent compound in the dust samples, followed by DnBP, DOP, and BBzP. Statistical analysis suggested that phthalate levels were higher in bedside dust than that collected from table surfaces, indicating a nonuniform distribution of dust-phase phthalates in the sleep environment. The simulation showed that the median DMP daily intake was 0.81 μg/kg/day, which was the greatest of the targeted phthalates. For the total exposures to all phthalates, the mean contribution of exposures during the daytime and sleeping time was 54% and 46%, respectively.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4433/14/4/612phthalatessettled dustdormitorysleep environmentexposure assessment |
| spellingShingle | Jiahui Wang Fangzhou Yuan Haitian Ye Zhongming Bu Measurement of Phthalates in Settled Dust in University Dormitories and Its Implications for Exposure Assessment Atmosphere phthalates settled dust dormitory sleep environment exposure assessment |
| title | Measurement of Phthalates in Settled Dust in University Dormitories and Its Implications for Exposure Assessment |
| title_full | Measurement of Phthalates in Settled Dust in University Dormitories and Its Implications for Exposure Assessment |
| title_fullStr | Measurement of Phthalates in Settled Dust in University Dormitories and Its Implications for Exposure Assessment |
| title_full_unstemmed | Measurement of Phthalates in Settled Dust in University Dormitories and Its Implications for Exposure Assessment |
| title_short | Measurement of Phthalates in Settled Dust in University Dormitories and Its Implications for Exposure Assessment |
| title_sort | measurement of phthalates in settled dust in university dormitories and its implications for exposure assessment |
| topic | phthalates settled dust dormitory sleep environment exposure assessment |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4433/14/4/612 |
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