Tick-Tock Consider the Clock: The Influence of Circadian and External Cycles on Time of Day Variation in the Human Metabolome—A Review
The past decade has seen a large influx of work investigating time of day variation in different human biofluid and tissue metabolomes. The driver of this daily variation can be endogenous circadian rhythms driven by the central and/or peripheral clocks, or exogenous diurnal rhythms driven by behavi...
| Main Authors: | , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2021-05-01
|
| Series: | Metabolites |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2218-1989/11/5/328 |
| _version_ | 1797533383914422272 |
|---|---|
| author | Thomas P. M. Hancox Debra J. Skene Robert Dallmann Warwick B. Dunn |
| author_facet | Thomas P. M. Hancox Debra J. Skene Robert Dallmann Warwick B. Dunn |
| author_sort | Thomas P. M. Hancox |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The past decade has seen a large influx of work investigating time of day variation in different human biofluid and tissue metabolomes. The driver of this daily variation can be endogenous circadian rhythms driven by the central and/or peripheral clocks, or exogenous diurnal rhythms driven by behavioural and environmental cycles, which manifest as regular 24 h cycles of metabolite concentrations. This review, of all published studies to date, establishes the extent of daily variation with regard to the number and identity of ‘rhythmic’ metabolites observed in blood, saliva, urine, breath, and skeletal muscle. The probable sources driving such variation, in addition to what metabolite classes are most susceptible in adhering to or uncoupling from such cycles is described in addition to a compiled list of common rhythmic metabolites. The reviewed studies show that the metabolome undergoes significant time of day variation, primarily observed for amino acids and multiple lipid classes. Such 24 h rhythms, driven by various factors discussed herein, are an additional source of intra/inter-individual variation and are thus highly pertinent to all studies applying untargeted and targeted metabolomics platforms, particularly for the construction of biomarker panels. The potential implications are discussed alongside proposed minimum reporting criteria suggested to acknowledge time of day variation as a potential influence of results and to facilitate improved reproducibility. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T11:14:47Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-06953ce2f3644467a69d701ac72f8453 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2218-1989 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T11:14:47Z |
| publishDate | 2021-05-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Metabolites |
| spelling | doaj.art-06953ce2f3644467a69d701ac72f84532023-11-21T20:30:02ZengMDPI AGMetabolites2218-19892021-05-0111532810.3390/metabo11050328Tick-Tock Consider the Clock: The Influence of Circadian and External Cycles on Time of Day Variation in the Human Metabolome—A ReviewThomas P. M. Hancox0Debra J. Skene1Robert Dallmann2Warwick B. Dunn3School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UKChronobiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, UKDivision of Biomedical Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UKInstitute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UKThe past decade has seen a large influx of work investigating time of day variation in different human biofluid and tissue metabolomes. The driver of this daily variation can be endogenous circadian rhythms driven by the central and/or peripheral clocks, or exogenous diurnal rhythms driven by behavioural and environmental cycles, which manifest as regular 24 h cycles of metabolite concentrations. This review, of all published studies to date, establishes the extent of daily variation with regard to the number and identity of ‘rhythmic’ metabolites observed in blood, saliva, urine, breath, and skeletal muscle. The probable sources driving such variation, in addition to what metabolite classes are most susceptible in adhering to or uncoupling from such cycles is described in addition to a compiled list of common rhythmic metabolites. The reviewed studies show that the metabolome undergoes significant time of day variation, primarily observed for amino acids and multiple lipid classes. Such 24 h rhythms, driven by various factors discussed herein, are an additional source of intra/inter-individual variation and are thus highly pertinent to all studies applying untargeted and targeted metabolomics platforms, particularly for the construction of biomarker panels. The potential implications are discussed alongside proposed minimum reporting criteria suggested to acknowledge time of day variation as a potential influence of results and to facilitate improved reproducibility.https://www.mdpi.com/2218-1989/11/5/328circadian rhythmsdiurnal rhythmsmetabolomicsmetabolite rhythmsbloodurine |
| spellingShingle | Thomas P. M. Hancox Debra J. Skene Robert Dallmann Warwick B. Dunn Tick-Tock Consider the Clock: The Influence of Circadian and External Cycles on Time of Day Variation in the Human Metabolome—A Review Metabolites circadian rhythms diurnal rhythms metabolomics metabolite rhythms blood urine |
| title | Tick-Tock Consider the Clock: The Influence of Circadian and External Cycles on Time of Day Variation in the Human Metabolome—A Review |
| title_full | Tick-Tock Consider the Clock: The Influence of Circadian and External Cycles on Time of Day Variation in the Human Metabolome—A Review |
| title_fullStr | Tick-Tock Consider the Clock: The Influence of Circadian and External Cycles on Time of Day Variation in the Human Metabolome—A Review |
| title_full_unstemmed | Tick-Tock Consider the Clock: The Influence of Circadian and External Cycles on Time of Day Variation in the Human Metabolome—A Review |
| title_short | Tick-Tock Consider the Clock: The Influence of Circadian and External Cycles on Time of Day Variation in the Human Metabolome—A Review |
| title_sort | tick tock consider the clock the influence of circadian and external cycles on time of day variation in the human metabolome a review |
| topic | circadian rhythms diurnal rhythms metabolomics metabolite rhythms blood urine |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2218-1989/11/5/328 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT thomaspmhancox ticktockconsidertheclocktheinfluenceofcircadianandexternalcyclesontimeofdayvariationinthehumanmetabolomeareview AT debrajskene ticktockconsidertheclocktheinfluenceofcircadianandexternalcyclesontimeofdayvariationinthehumanmetabolomeareview AT robertdallmann ticktockconsidertheclocktheinfluenceofcircadianandexternalcyclesontimeofdayvariationinthehumanmetabolomeareview AT warwickbdunn ticktockconsidertheclocktheinfluenceofcircadianandexternalcyclesontimeofdayvariationinthehumanmetabolomeareview |