Reliable Acoustic Path and Direct-Arrival Zone Spatial Gain Analysis for a Vertical Line Array
A method is developed in this paper to calculate the spatial gain of a vertical line array when the plane-wave assumption is not applicable and when the oceanic ambient noise is correlated. The proposed optimal array gain (OAG), which can evaluate the array’s performance and effectively gu...
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MDPI AG
2018-10-01
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| Series: | Sensors |
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| Online Access: | http://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/18/10/3462 |
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| author | Chunyu Qiu Shuqing Ma Yu Chen Zhou Meng Jianfei Wang |
| author_facet | Chunyu Qiu Shuqing Ma Yu Chen Zhou Meng Jianfei Wang |
| author_sort | Chunyu Qiu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | A method is developed in this paper to calculate the spatial gain of a vertical line array when the plane-wave assumption is not applicable and when the oceanic ambient noise is correlated. The proposed optimal array gain (OAG), which can evaluate the array’s performance and effectively guide its deployment, can be given by an equation in which the noise gain (NG) is subtracted from the signal gain (SG); hence, a high SG and a negative NG can enhance the performance of the array. OAGs and SGs with different array locations are simulated and analyzed based on the sound propagation properties of the direct-arrival zone (DAZ) and the reliable acoustic path (RAP) using ray theory. SG and NG are related to the correlation coefficients of the signals and noise, respectively, and the vertical correlation is determined by the structures of the multipath arrivals. The SG in the DAZ is always high because there is little difference between the multipath waves, while the SG in the RAP changes with the source-receiver range because of the variety of structure in the multiple arrivals. The SG under different conditions is simulated in this work. The “dual peak” structure can often be observed in the vertical directionality pattern of the noise because of the presence of bottom reflection and deep sound channel. When the directions of the signal and noise are close, the conventional beamformer will enhance the correlation of not only the signals but also the noise; thus, the directivity of the signals and noise are analyzed. Under the condition of having a typical sound speed profile, the OAG in some areas of the DAZ and RAP can achieve high values and even exceed the ideal gain of horizontal line array 10 logN dB, while, in some other areas, it will be lowered because of the influence of the NG. The proposed method of gain analysis can provide analysis methods for vertical arrays in the deep ocean under many conditions with references. The theory and simulation are tested by experimental data. |
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| last_indexed | 2024-04-11T13:11:06Z |
| publishDate | 2018-10-01 |
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| series | Sensors |
| spelling | doaj.art-069a627f5e1543a9b9b73b506ba86b762022-12-22T04:22:34ZengMDPI AGSensors1424-82202018-10-011810346210.3390/s18103462s18103462Reliable Acoustic Path and Direct-Arrival Zone Spatial Gain Analysis for a Vertical Line ArrayChunyu Qiu0Shuqing Ma1Yu Chen2Zhou Meng3Jianfei Wang4College of Meteorology and Oceanology, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073; ChinaCollege of Meteorology and Oceanology, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073; ChinaCollege of Meteorology and Oceanology, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073; ChinaCollege of Meteorology and Oceanology, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073; ChinaCollege of Meteorology and Oceanology, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073; ChinaA method is developed in this paper to calculate the spatial gain of a vertical line array when the plane-wave assumption is not applicable and when the oceanic ambient noise is correlated. The proposed optimal array gain (OAG), which can evaluate the array’s performance and effectively guide its deployment, can be given by an equation in which the noise gain (NG) is subtracted from the signal gain (SG); hence, a high SG and a negative NG can enhance the performance of the array. OAGs and SGs with different array locations are simulated and analyzed based on the sound propagation properties of the direct-arrival zone (DAZ) and the reliable acoustic path (RAP) using ray theory. SG and NG are related to the correlation coefficients of the signals and noise, respectively, and the vertical correlation is determined by the structures of the multipath arrivals. The SG in the DAZ is always high because there is little difference between the multipath waves, while the SG in the RAP changes with the source-receiver range because of the variety of structure in the multiple arrivals. The SG under different conditions is simulated in this work. The “dual peak” structure can often be observed in the vertical directionality pattern of the noise because of the presence of bottom reflection and deep sound channel. When the directions of the signal and noise are close, the conventional beamformer will enhance the correlation of not only the signals but also the noise; thus, the directivity of the signals and noise are analyzed. Under the condition of having a typical sound speed profile, the OAG in some areas of the DAZ and RAP can achieve high values and even exceed the ideal gain of horizontal line array 10 logN dB, while, in some other areas, it will be lowered because of the influence of the NG. The proposed method of gain analysis can provide analysis methods for vertical arrays in the deep ocean under many conditions with references. The theory and simulation are tested by experimental data.http://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/18/10/3462vertical line arrayspatial gaincorrelationvertical directionalitydirect-arrival zonereliable acoustic pathdeep oceanray theorymultiple effect |
| spellingShingle | Chunyu Qiu Shuqing Ma Yu Chen Zhou Meng Jianfei Wang Reliable Acoustic Path and Direct-Arrival Zone Spatial Gain Analysis for a Vertical Line Array Sensors vertical line array spatial gain correlation vertical directionality direct-arrival zone reliable acoustic path deep ocean ray theory multiple effect |
| title | Reliable Acoustic Path and Direct-Arrival Zone Spatial Gain Analysis for a Vertical Line Array |
| title_full | Reliable Acoustic Path and Direct-Arrival Zone Spatial Gain Analysis for a Vertical Line Array |
| title_fullStr | Reliable Acoustic Path and Direct-Arrival Zone Spatial Gain Analysis for a Vertical Line Array |
| title_full_unstemmed | Reliable Acoustic Path and Direct-Arrival Zone Spatial Gain Analysis for a Vertical Line Array |
| title_short | Reliable Acoustic Path and Direct-Arrival Zone Spatial Gain Analysis for a Vertical Line Array |
| title_sort | reliable acoustic path and direct arrival zone spatial gain analysis for a vertical line array |
| topic | vertical line array spatial gain correlation vertical directionality direct-arrival zone reliable acoustic path deep ocean ray theory multiple effect |
| url | http://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/18/10/3462 |
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