Impact Analysis of High-Altitude Electromagnetic Pulse Coupling Effects on Power Grid Protection Relays
Protection relays are important equipment used for protection, control, and metering functions in the power grid. These relays are used to protect critical and difficult-to-replace equipment, like generators, transformers, and capacitor banks. Once the protection devices are disturbed or damaged, a...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2024-04-01
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| Series: | Electronics |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-9292/13/7/1336 |
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| author | Naga Lakshmi Thotakura Yuru Wu David Mignardot Liang Zhang Wei Qiu Lawrence C. Markel Dahan Liao Benjamin W. McConnell Yilu Liu |
| author_facet | Naga Lakshmi Thotakura Yuru Wu David Mignardot Liang Zhang Wei Qiu Lawrence C. Markel Dahan Liao Benjamin W. McConnell Yilu Liu |
| author_sort | Naga Lakshmi Thotakura |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Protection relays are important equipment used for protection, control, and metering functions in the power grid. These relays are used to protect critical and difficult-to-replace equipment, like generators, transformers, and capacitor banks. Once the protection devices are disturbed or damaged, a high risk of power generation interruption occurs. Therefore, it is important and necessary to study the relay’s immunity to electromagnetic pulse (EMP) events. As a preliminary step toward empirical experimentation on actual equipment, this manuscript outlines an economical and efficient methodology for evaluating the impact of an EMP. An impedance measurement strategy was employed to model the equipment, setting the stage for subsequent immunity analyses. These analyses included the pulse current injection (PCI) method, which utilized an injecting probe to introduce the transient, and frequency domain electromagnetic (FEKO) simulation, which integrated electromagnetic coupling effects into the transient simulation. The impedance measurement and simulation results in this paper provide a reliable basis for gauging equipment performance in the face of HEMP threats. The results obtained using the PCI and FEKO simulations demonstrated the performance of different port responses under a high-altitude EMP, indicating the requirement for some protection to ensure the reliable operation of relays. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-24T10:46:13Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-06b527110c574db092b93508120b0227 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2079-9292 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-24T10:46:13Z |
| publishDate | 2024-04-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Electronics |
| spelling | doaj.art-06b527110c574db092b93508120b02272024-04-12T13:17:25ZengMDPI AGElectronics2079-92922024-04-01137133610.3390/electronics13071336Impact Analysis of High-Altitude Electromagnetic Pulse Coupling Effects on Power Grid Protection RelaysNaga Lakshmi Thotakura0Yuru Wu1David Mignardot2Liang Zhang3Wei Qiu4Lawrence C. Markel5Dahan Liao6Benjamin W. McConnell7Yilu Liu8EECS Department, University of Tennessee at Knoxville, Knoxville, TN 37996, USAEECS Department, University of Tennessee at Knoxville, Knoxville, TN 37996, USAEECS Department, University of Tennessee at Knoxville, Knoxville, TN 37996, USAEECS Department, University of Tennessee at Knoxville, Knoxville, TN 37996, USAEECS Department, University of Tennessee at Knoxville, Knoxville, TN 37996, USAOak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37830, USAOak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37830, USAOak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37830, USAEECS Department, University of Tennessee at Knoxville, Knoxville, TN 37996, USAProtection relays are important equipment used for protection, control, and metering functions in the power grid. These relays are used to protect critical and difficult-to-replace equipment, like generators, transformers, and capacitor banks. Once the protection devices are disturbed or damaged, a high risk of power generation interruption occurs. Therefore, it is important and necessary to study the relay’s immunity to electromagnetic pulse (EMP) events. As a preliminary step toward empirical experimentation on actual equipment, this manuscript outlines an economical and efficient methodology for evaluating the impact of an EMP. An impedance measurement strategy was employed to model the equipment, setting the stage for subsequent immunity analyses. These analyses included the pulse current injection (PCI) method, which utilized an injecting probe to introduce the transient, and frequency domain electromagnetic (FEKO) simulation, which integrated electromagnetic coupling effects into the transient simulation. The impedance measurement and simulation results in this paper provide a reliable basis for gauging equipment performance in the face of HEMP threats. The results obtained using the PCI and FEKO simulations demonstrated the performance of different port responses under a high-altitude EMP, indicating the requirement for some protection to ensure the reliable operation of relays.https://www.mdpi.com/2079-9292/13/7/1336conducted RF immunityhigh-altitude electromagnetic pulsepower system transientrelay protection device |
| spellingShingle | Naga Lakshmi Thotakura Yuru Wu David Mignardot Liang Zhang Wei Qiu Lawrence C. Markel Dahan Liao Benjamin W. McConnell Yilu Liu Impact Analysis of High-Altitude Electromagnetic Pulse Coupling Effects on Power Grid Protection Relays Electronics conducted RF immunity high-altitude electromagnetic pulse power system transient relay protection device |
| title | Impact Analysis of High-Altitude Electromagnetic Pulse Coupling Effects on Power Grid Protection Relays |
| title_full | Impact Analysis of High-Altitude Electromagnetic Pulse Coupling Effects on Power Grid Protection Relays |
| title_fullStr | Impact Analysis of High-Altitude Electromagnetic Pulse Coupling Effects on Power Grid Protection Relays |
| title_full_unstemmed | Impact Analysis of High-Altitude Electromagnetic Pulse Coupling Effects on Power Grid Protection Relays |
| title_short | Impact Analysis of High-Altitude Electromagnetic Pulse Coupling Effects on Power Grid Protection Relays |
| title_sort | impact analysis of high altitude electromagnetic pulse coupling effects on power grid protection relays |
| topic | conducted RF immunity high-altitude electromagnetic pulse power system transient relay protection device |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-9292/13/7/1336 |
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