Role of Angiotensin II in Cardiovascular Diseases: Introducing Bisartans as a Novel Therapy for Coronavirus 2019
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the main contributors to global morbidity and mortality. Major pathogenic phenotypes of CVDs include the development of endothelial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and hyper-inflammatory responses. These phenotypes have been found to overlap with the pathophysiologi...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-05-01
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| Series: | Biomolecules |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2218-273X/13/5/787 |
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| author | Jordan Swiderski Laura Kate Gadanec Vasso Apostolopoulos Graham J. Moore Konstantinos Kelaidonis John M. Matsoukas Anthony Zulli |
| author_facet | Jordan Swiderski Laura Kate Gadanec Vasso Apostolopoulos Graham J. Moore Konstantinos Kelaidonis John M. Matsoukas Anthony Zulli |
| author_sort | Jordan Swiderski |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the main contributors to global morbidity and mortality. Major pathogenic phenotypes of CVDs include the development of endothelial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and hyper-inflammatory responses. These phenotypes have been found to overlap with the pathophysiological complications of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). CVDs have been identified as major risk factors for severe and fatal COVID-19 states. The renin–angiotensin system (RAS) is an important regulatory system in cardiovascular homeostasis. However, its dysregulation is observed in CVDs, where upregulation of angiotensin type 1 receptor (AT<sub>1</sub>R) signaling via angiotensin II (AngII) leads to the AngII-dependent pathogenic development of CVDs. Additionally, the interaction between the spike protein of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 with angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 leads to the downregulation of the latter, resulting in the dysregulation of the RAS. This dysregulation favors AngII/AT<sub>1</sub>R toxic signaling pathways, providing a mechanical link between cardiovascular pathology and COVID-19. Therefore, inhibiting AngII/AT<sub>1</sub>R signaling through angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) has been indicated as a promising therapeutic approach to the treatment of COVID-19. Herein, we review the role of AngII in CVDs and its upregulation in COVID-19. We also provide a future direction for the potential implication of a novel class of ARBs called bisartans, which are speculated to contain multifunctional targeting towards COVID-19. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T03:54:22Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-06b726c78186485ba573dccbd51f8787 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2218-273X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T03:54:22Z |
| publishDate | 2023-05-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Biomolecules |
| spelling | doaj.art-06b726c78186485ba573dccbd51f87872023-11-18T00:39:12ZengMDPI AGBiomolecules2218-273X2023-05-0113578710.3390/biom13050787Role of Angiotensin II in Cardiovascular Diseases: Introducing Bisartans as a Novel Therapy for Coronavirus 2019Jordan Swiderski0Laura Kate Gadanec1Vasso Apostolopoulos2Graham J. Moore3Konstantinos Kelaidonis4John M. Matsoukas5Anthony Zulli6Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC 3030, AustraliaInstitute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC 3030, AustraliaInstitute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC 3030, AustraliaPepmetics Incorporated, 772 Murphy Place, Victoria, BC V8Y 3H4, CanadaNewDrug PC, Patras Science Park, 26500 Patras, GreeceInstitute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC 3030, AustraliaInstitute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC 3030, AustraliaCardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the main contributors to global morbidity and mortality. Major pathogenic phenotypes of CVDs include the development of endothelial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and hyper-inflammatory responses. These phenotypes have been found to overlap with the pathophysiological complications of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). CVDs have been identified as major risk factors for severe and fatal COVID-19 states. The renin–angiotensin system (RAS) is an important regulatory system in cardiovascular homeostasis. However, its dysregulation is observed in CVDs, where upregulation of angiotensin type 1 receptor (AT<sub>1</sub>R) signaling via angiotensin II (AngII) leads to the AngII-dependent pathogenic development of CVDs. Additionally, the interaction between the spike protein of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 with angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 leads to the downregulation of the latter, resulting in the dysregulation of the RAS. This dysregulation favors AngII/AT<sub>1</sub>R toxic signaling pathways, providing a mechanical link between cardiovascular pathology and COVID-19. Therefore, inhibiting AngII/AT<sub>1</sub>R signaling through angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) has been indicated as a promising therapeutic approach to the treatment of COVID-19. Herein, we review the role of AngII in CVDs and its upregulation in COVID-19. We also provide a future direction for the potential implication of a novel class of ARBs called bisartans, which are speculated to contain multifunctional targeting towards COVID-19.https://www.mdpi.com/2218-273X/13/5/787angiotensin-converting enzyme 2angiotensin IIbisartanscardiovascular diseasescoronavirus 2019severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 |
| spellingShingle | Jordan Swiderski Laura Kate Gadanec Vasso Apostolopoulos Graham J. Moore Konstantinos Kelaidonis John M. Matsoukas Anthony Zulli Role of Angiotensin II in Cardiovascular Diseases: Introducing Bisartans as a Novel Therapy for Coronavirus 2019 Biomolecules angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 angiotensin II bisartans cardiovascular diseases coronavirus 2019 severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 |
| title | Role of Angiotensin II in Cardiovascular Diseases: Introducing Bisartans as a Novel Therapy for Coronavirus 2019 |
| title_full | Role of Angiotensin II in Cardiovascular Diseases: Introducing Bisartans as a Novel Therapy for Coronavirus 2019 |
| title_fullStr | Role of Angiotensin II in Cardiovascular Diseases: Introducing Bisartans as a Novel Therapy for Coronavirus 2019 |
| title_full_unstemmed | Role of Angiotensin II in Cardiovascular Diseases: Introducing Bisartans as a Novel Therapy for Coronavirus 2019 |
| title_short | Role of Angiotensin II in Cardiovascular Diseases: Introducing Bisartans as a Novel Therapy for Coronavirus 2019 |
| title_sort | role of angiotensin ii in cardiovascular diseases introducing bisartans as a novel therapy for coronavirus 2019 |
| topic | angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 angiotensin II bisartans cardiovascular diseases coronavirus 2019 severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2218-273X/13/5/787 |
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