Basic controller tuning for large offshore wind turbines
When a wind turbine operates above the rated wind speed, the blade pitch may be governed by a basic single-input–single-output PI controller, with the shaft speed as input. The performance of the wind turbine depends upon the tuning of the gains and filters of this controller. Rules of thumb, bas...
| Main Author: | |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Copernicus Publications
2016-09-01
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| Series: | Wind Energy Science |
| Online Access: | https://www.wind-energ-sci.net/1/153/2016/wes-1-153-2016.pdf |
| _version_ | 1818043244605341696 |
|---|---|
| author | K. O. Merz |
| author_facet | K. O. Merz |
| author_sort | K. O. Merz |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | When a wind turbine operates above the rated wind speed, the blade pitch
may be governed by a basic single-input–single-output PI controller, with
the shaft speed as input. The performance of the wind turbine depends upon
the tuning of the gains and filters of this controller. Rules of thumb, based
upon pole placement, with a rigid model of the rotor, are inadequate for
tuning the controller of large, flexible, offshore wind turbines. It is shown
that the appropriate controller tuning is highly dependent upon the
characteristics of the aeroelastic model: no single reference controller can
be defined for use with all models. As an example, the ubiquitous National
Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) 5 MW wind turbine controller is unstable
when paired with a fully flexible aeroelastic model. A methodical search is
conducted, in order to find models with a minimum number of degrees of
freedom, which can be used to tune the controller for a fully flexible
aeroelastic model; this can be accomplished with a model containing 16–20
states. Transient aerodynamic effects, representing rotor-average properties,
account for five of these states. A simple method is proposed to reduce the
full transient aerodynamic model, and the associated turbulent wind spectra,
to the rotor average. Ocean waves are also an important source of loading; it
is recommended that the shaft speed signal be filtered such that wave-driven
tower side-to-side vibrations do not appear in the PI controller output. An
updated tuning for the NREL 5 MW controller is developed using a Pareto front
technique. This fixes the instability and gives good performance with fully
flexible aeroelastic models. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-10T08:59:08Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-06dbd6cad9354d5fbe0831b8858ebd67 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2366-7443 2366-7451 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-10T08:59:08Z |
| publishDate | 2016-09-01 |
| publisher | Copernicus Publications |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Wind Energy Science |
| spelling | doaj.art-06dbd6cad9354d5fbe0831b8858ebd672022-12-22T01:55:19ZengCopernicus PublicationsWind Energy Science2366-74432366-74512016-09-01115317510.5194/wes-1-153-2016Basic controller tuning for large offshore wind turbinesK. O. Merz0SINTEF Energy Research, Sem Sælandsvei 11, 7034 Trondheim, NorwayWhen a wind turbine operates above the rated wind speed, the blade pitch may be governed by a basic single-input–single-output PI controller, with the shaft speed as input. The performance of the wind turbine depends upon the tuning of the gains and filters of this controller. Rules of thumb, based upon pole placement, with a rigid model of the rotor, are inadequate for tuning the controller of large, flexible, offshore wind turbines. It is shown that the appropriate controller tuning is highly dependent upon the characteristics of the aeroelastic model: no single reference controller can be defined for use with all models. As an example, the ubiquitous National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) 5 MW wind turbine controller is unstable when paired with a fully flexible aeroelastic model. A methodical search is conducted, in order to find models with a minimum number of degrees of freedom, which can be used to tune the controller for a fully flexible aeroelastic model; this can be accomplished with a model containing 16–20 states. Transient aerodynamic effects, representing rotor-average properties, account for five of these states. A simple method is proposed to reduce the full transient aerodynamic model, and the associated turbulent wind spectra, to the rotor average. Ocean waves are also an important source of loading; it is recommended that the shaft speed signal be filtered such that wave-driven tower side-to-side vibrations do not appear in the PI controller output. An updated tuning for the NREL 5 MW controller is developed using a Pareto front technique. This fixes the instability and gives good performance with fully flexible aeroelastic models.https://www.wind-energ-sci.net/1/153/2016/wes-1-153-2016.pdf |
| spellingShingle | K. O. Merz Basic controller tuning for large offshore wind turbines Wind Energy Science |
| title | Basic controller tuning for large offshore wind turbines |
| title_full | Basic controller tuning for large offshore wind turbines |
| title_fullStr | Basic controller tuning for large offshore wind turbines |
| title_full_unstemmed | Basic controller tuning for large offshore wind turbines |
| title_short | Basic controller tuning for large offshore wind turbines |
| title_sort | basic controller tuning for large offshore wind turbines |
| url | https://www.wind-energ-sci.net/1/153/2016/wes-1-153-2016.pdf |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT komerz basiccontrollertuningforlargeoffshorewindturbines |