Functional and Molecular Immune Response of Rainbow Trout (<i>Oncorhynchus mykiss</i>) Following Challenge with <i>Yersinia ruckeri</i>
Currently, aquaculture production of rainbow trout (<i>Oncorhynchus mykiss</i>) is a multibillion dollar industry; nevertheless, the development of this sector has not been exempt from pitfalls related to the recurrent presence of pathogens of bacterial origin. This is the case of <i&...
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MDPI AG
2022-03-01
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| Series: | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/23/6/3096 |
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| author | Carlos Fajardo Paulo Santos Ricardo Passos Mariana Vaz Rita Azeredo Marina Machado Sergio Fernández-Boo Teresa Baptista Benjamin Costas |
| author_facet | Carlos Fajardo Paulo Santos Ricardo Passos Mariana Vaz Rita Azeredo Marina Machado Sergio Fernández-Boo Teresa Baptista Benjamin Costas |
| author_sort | Carlos Fajardo |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Currently, aquaculture production of rainbow trout (<i>Oncorhynchus mykiss</i>) is a multibillion dollar industry; nevertheless, the development of this sector has not been exempt from pitfalls related to the recurrent presence of pathogens of bacterial origin. This is the case of <i>Yersinia ruckeri</i>, the etiologic agent of the infectious pathology known as Enteric Red Mouth Disease (ERM), causing serious economic losses that can be as high as 30–70% of production. Although several studies have been performed regarding pathogen features and virulence factors, more information is needed about the host defense mechanism activation after infection. Given this perspective, this study aimed to evaluate rainbow trout’s short-term innate immune response against infection with <i>Y. ruckeri</i>. A series of factors linked to the innate immune response were evaluated, including determination of hematological parameters, oxidative stress biomarkers, and analysis of the expression of immune-related genes. Results showed a significant decrease in several hematological parameters (white blood cell count, hematocrit, neutrophils, monocytes, lymphocytes, and thrombocytes) and oxidative stress indicators (SOD) between the control and infected groups. In addition, there were significant differences in the level of gene expression between infected individuals and the control group. Most of these genes (<i>il-1β</i>, <i>il-8</i>, <i>il-10</i>, <i>tnf-α1</i>, <i>tnf-α2</i>, <i>socs3</i>, <i>mmp-9</i>, <i>cath</i>, <i>hsp-70</i>, <i>saa</i>, <i>fer</i>, <i>pcb</i>) were upregulated within the first 24 h following infection. Results from this study showed more insights into the short-term immune response of rainbow trout to infection with <i>Y. ruckeri</i>, which may be useful for the establishment of biomarkers that may be used for the early detection of ERM. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T19:42:01Z |
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| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1661-6596 1422-0067 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T19:42:01Z |
| publishDate | 2022-03-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| series | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-06e69486d2d14cad95a1cd3bc39143602023-11-24T01:32:20ZengMDPI AGInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences1661-65961422-00672022-03-01236309610.3390/ijms23063096Functional and Molecular Immune Response of Rainbow Trout (<i>Oncorhynchus mykiss</i>) Following Challenge with <i>Yersinia ruckeri</i>Carlos Fajardo0Paulo Santos1Ricardo Passos2Mariana Vaz3Rita Azeredo4Marina Machado5Sergio Fernández-Boo6Teresa Baptista7Benjamin Costas8Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), University of Porto, 4450-208 Porto, PortugalInterdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), University of Porto, 4450-208 Porto, PortugalMARE—Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, ESTM, Polytechnic Institute of Leiria, 2520-620 Peniche, PortugalMARE—Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, ESTM, Polytechnic Institute of Leiria, 2520-620 Peniche, PortugalInterdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), University of Porto, 4450-208 Porto, PortugalInterdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), University of Porto, 4450-208 Porto, PortugalInterdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), University of Porto, 4450-208 Porto, PortugalMARE—Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, ESTM, Polytechnic Institute of Leiria, 2520-620 Peniche, PortugalInterdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), University of Porto, 4450-208 Porto, PortugalCurrently, aquaculture production of rainbow trout (<i>Oncorhynchus mykiss</i>) is a multibillion dollar industry; nevertheless, the development of this sector has not been exempt from pitfalls related to the recurrent presence of pathogens of bacterial origin. This is the case of <i>Yersinia ruckeri</i>, the etiologic agent of the infectious pathology known as Enteric Red Mouth Disease (ERM), causing serious economic losses that can be as high as 30–70% of production. Although several studies have been performed regarding pathogen features and virulence factors, more information is needed about the host defense mechanism activation after infection. Given this perspective, this study aimed to evaluate rainbow trout’s short-term innate immune response against infection with <i>Y. ruckeri</i>. A series of factors linked to the innate immune response were evaluated, including determination of hematological parameters, oxidative stress biomarkers, and analysis of the expression of immune-related genes. Results showed a significant decrease in several hematological parameters (white blood cell count, hematocrit, neutrophils, monocytes, lymphocytes, and thrombocytes) and oxidative stress indicators (SOD) between the control and infected groups. In addition, there were significant differences in the level of gene expression between infected individuals and the control group. Most of these genes (<i>il-1β</i>, <i>il-8</i>, <i>il-10</i>, <i>tnf-α1</i>, <i>tnf-α2</i>, <i>socs3</i>, <i>mmp-9</i>, <i>cath</i>, <i>hsp-70</i>, <i>saa</i>, <i>fer</i>, <i>pcb</i>) were upregulated within the first 24 h following infection. Results from this study showed more insights into the short-term immune response of rainbow trout to infection with <i>Y. ruckeri</i>, which may be useful for the establishment of biomarkers that may be used for the early detection of ERM.https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/23/6/3096biomarkersERMhematological profileoxidative stressyersiniosis |
| spellingShingle | Carlos Fajardo Paulo Santos Ricardo Passos Mariana Vaz Rita Azeredo Marina Machado Sergio Fernández-Boo Teresa Baptista Benjamin Costas Functional and Molecular Immune Response of Rainbow Trout (<i>Oncorhynchus mykiss</i>) Following Challenge with <i>Yersinia ruckeri</i> International Journal of Molecular Sciences biomarkers ERM hematological profile oxidative stress yersiniosis |
| title | Functional and Molecular Immune Response of Rainbow Trout (<i>Oncorhynchus mykiss</i>) Following Challenge with <i>Yersinia ruckeri</i> |
| title_full | Functional and Molecular Immune Response of Rainbow Trout (<i>Oncorhynchus mykiss</i>) Following Challenge with <i>Yersinia ruckeri</i> |
| title_fullStr | Functional and Molecular Immune Response of Rainbow Trout (<i>Oncorhynchus mykiss</i>) Following Challenge with <i>Yersinia ruckeri</i> |
| title_full_unstemmed | Functional and Molecular Immune Response of Rainbow Trout (<i>Oncorhynchus mykiss</i>) Following Challenge with <i>Yersinia ruckeri</i> |
| title_short | Functional and Molecular Immune Response of Rainbow Trout (<i>Oncorhynchus mykiss</i>) Following Challenge with <i>Yersinia ruckeri</i> |
| title_sort | functional and molecular immune response of rainbow trout i oncorhynchus mykiss i following challenge with i yersinia ruckeri i |
| topic | biomarkers ERM hematological profile oxidative stress yersiniosis |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/23/6/3096 |
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