Molecularly Imprinted Polymers Exhibit Low Cytotoxic and Inflammatory Properties in Macrophages <i>In Vitro</i>
Molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) against sialic acid (SA) have been developed as a detection tool to target cancer cells. Before proceeding to <i>in vivo</i> studies, a better knowledge of the overall effects of MIPs on the innate immune system is needed. The aim of this study thus...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2022-06-01
|
| Series: | Applied Sciences |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/12/12/6091 |
| _version_ | 1797490241762754560 |
|---|---|
| author | Louise Sternbæk Martha Kimani Kornelia Gawlitza Knut Rurack Birgit Janicke Kersti Alm Anette Gjörloff Wingren Håkan Eriksson |
| author_facet | Louise Sternbæk Martha Kimani Kornelia Gawlitza Knut Rurack Birgit Janicke Kersti Alm Anette Gjörloff Wingren Håkan Eriksson |
| author_sort | Louise Sternbæk |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) against sialic acid (SA) have been developed as a detection tool to target cancer cells. Before proceeding to <i>in vivo</i> studies, a better knowledge of the overall effects of MIPs on the innate immune system is needed. The aim of this study thus was to exemplarily assess whether SA-MIPs lead to inflammatory and/or cytotoxic responses when administered to phagocytosing cells in the innate immune system. The response of monocytic/macrophage cell lines to two different reference particles, Alhydrogel and PLGA, was compared to their response to SA-MIPs. <i>In vitro</i> culture showed a cellular association of SA-MIPs and Alhydrogel, as analyzed by flow cytometry. The reference particle Alhydrogel induced secretion of IL-1β from the monocytic cell line THP-1, whereas almost no secretion was provoked for SA-MIPs. A reduced number of both THP-1 and RAW 264.7 cells were observed after incubation with SA-MIPs and this was not caused by cytotoxicity. Digital holographic cytometry showed that SA-MIP treatment affected cell division, with much fewer cells dividing. Thus, the reduced number of cells after SA-MIP treatment was not linked to SA-MIPs cytotoxicity. In conclusion, SA-MIPs have a low degree of inflammatory properties, are not cytotoxic, and can be applicable for future <i>in vivo</i> studies. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T00:29:12Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-06ee2552d44c441695b92ff9ae3abd41 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-3417 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T00:29:12Z |
| publishDate | 2022-06-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Applied Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-06ee2552d44c441695b92ff9ae3abd412023-11-23T15:27:37ZengMDPI AGApplied Sciences2076-34172022-06-011212609110.3390/app12126091Molecularly Imprinted Polymers Exhibit Low Cytotoxic and Inflammatory Properties in Macrophages <i>In Vitro</i>Louise Sternbæk0Martha Kimani1Kornelia Gawlitza2Knut Rurack3Birgit Janicke4Kersti Alm5Anette Gjörloff Wingren6Håkan Eriksson7Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Society, Malmö University, SE-205 06 Malmö, SwedenChemical and Optical Sensing Division, Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und-prüfung (BAM), DE-12489 Berlin, GermanyChemical and Optical Sensing Division, Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und-prüfung (BAM), DE-12489 Berlin, GermanyChemical and Optical Sensing Division, Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und-prüfung (BAM), DE-12489 Berlin, GermanyPhase Holographic Imaging AB, SE-223 63 Lund, SwedenPhase Holographic Imaging AB, SE-223 63 Lund, SwedenDepartment of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Society, Malmö University, SE-205 06 Malmö, SwedenDepartment of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Society, Malmö University, SE-205 06 Malmö, SwedenMolecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) against sialic acid (SA) have been developed as a detection tool to target cancer cells. Before proceeding to <i>in vivo</i> studies, a better knowledge of the overall effects of MIPs on the innate immune system is needed. The aim of this study thus was to exemplarily assess whether SA-MIPs lead to inflammatory and/or cytotoxic responses when administered to phagocytosing cells in the innate immune system. The response of monocytic/macrophage cell lines to two different reference particles, Alhydrogel and PLGA, was compared to their response to SA-MIPs. <i>In vitro</i> culture showed a cellular association of SA-MIPs and Alhydrogel, as analyzed by flow cytometry. The reference particle Alhydrogel induced secretion of IL-1β from the monocytic cell line THP-1, whereas almost no secretion was provoked for SA-MIPs. A reduced number of both THP-1 and RAW 264.7 cells were observed after incubation with SA-MIPs and this was not caused by cytotoxicity. Digital holographic cytometry showed that SA-MIP treatment affected cell division, with much fewer cells dividing. Thus, the reduced number of cells after SA-MIP treatment was not linked to SA-MIPs cytotoxicity. In conclusion, SA-MIPs have a low degree of inflammatory properties, are not cytotoxic, and can be applicable for future <i>in vivo</i> studies.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/12/12/6091molecularly imprinted polymersdigital holographic cytometrycytotoxicitypro-inflammatory cytokines |
| spellingShingle | Louise Sternbæk Martha Kimani Kornelia Gawlitza Knut Rurack Birgit Janicke Kersti Alm Anette Gjörloff Wingren Håkan Eriksson Molecularly Imprinted Polymers Exhibit Low Cytotoxic and Inflammatory Properties in Macrophages <i>In Vitro</i> Applied Sciences molecularly imprinted polymers digital holographic cytometry cytotoxicity pro-inflammatory cytokines |
| title | Molecularly Imprinted Polymers Exhibit Low Cytotoxic and Inflammatory Properties in Macrophages <i>In Vitro</i> |
| title_full | Molecularly Imprinted Polymers Exhibit Low Cytotoxic and Inflammatory Properties in Macrophages <i>In Vitro</i> |
| title_fullStr | Molecularly Imprinted Polymers Exhibit Low Cytotoxic and Inflammatory Properties in Macrophages <i>In Vitro</i> |
| title_full_unstemmed | Molecularly Imprinted Polymers Exhibit Low Cytotoxic and Inflammatory Properties in Macrophages <i>In Vitro</i> |
| title_short | Molecularly Imprinted Polymers Exhibit Low Cytotoxic and Inflammatory Properties in Macrophages <i>In Vitro</i> |
| title_sort | molecularly imprinted polymers exhibit low cytotoxic and inflammatory properties in macrophages i in vitro i |
| topic | molecularly imprinted polymers digital holographic cytometry cytotoxicity pro-inflammatory cytokines |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/12/12/6091 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT louisesternbæk molecularlyimprintedpolymersexhibitlowcytotoxicandinflammatorypropertiesinmacrophagesiinvitroi AT marthakimani molecularlyimprintedpolymersexhibitlowcytotoxicandinflammatorypropertiesinmacrophagesiinvitroi AT korneliagawlitza molecularlyimprintedpolymersexhibitlowcytotoxicandinflammatorypropertiesinmacrophagesiinvitroi AT knutrurack molecularlyimprintedpolymersexhibitlowcytotoxicandinflammatorypropertiesinmacrophagesiinvitroi AT birgitjanicke molecularlyimprintedpolymersexhibitlowcytotoxicandinflammatorypropertiesinmacrophagesiinvitroi AT kerstialm molecularlyimprintedpolymersexhibitlowcytotoxicandinflammatorypropertiesinmacrophagesiinvitroi AT anettegjorloffwingren molecularlyimprintedpolymersexhibitlowcytotoxicandinflammatorypropertiesinmacrophagesiinvitroi AT hakaneriksson molecularlyimprintedpolymersexhibitlowcytotoxicandinflammatorypropertiesinmacrophagesiinvitroi |