Selective optogenetic modulation of the PBN terminals in the lateral hypothalamic area and basal forebrain regulates emergence from isoflurane anesthesia in mice
Abstract While the mechanism of general anesthesia has been extensively studied, the underlying neural circuitry has yet to be fully understood. The parabrachial nucleus (PBN) plays a crucial role in modulating wakefulness and promoting arousal from general anesthesia. However, the specific role of...
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BMC
2023-10-01
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Series: | BMC Anesthesiology |
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Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12871-023-02294-8 |
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author | Kai Lu Zhenhuan Wang Ning Bai Ziyu Zhao Xinrong Zhao Yun He |
author_facet | Kai Lu Zhenhuan Wang Ning Bai Ziyu Zhao Xinrong Zhao Yun He |
author_sort | Kai Lu |
collection | DOAJ |
description | Abstract While the mechanism of general anesthesia has been extensively studied, the underlying neural circuitry has yet to be fully understood. The parabrachial nucleus (PBN) plays a crucial role in modulating wakefulness and promoting arousal from general anesthesia. However, the specific role of PBN projections in the process of general anesthesia remains unclear. In this study, we bilaterally injected AAV-associated viruses encoding excitatory or inhibitory optogenetic probes into the PBN and implanted optical fibers in the LH or BF area. After four weeks, we optogenetically activated or inhibited the PBN-LH and PBN-BF pathways under 1.5 vol% isoflurane. We calculated the time it took for anesthesia induction and emergence, simultaneously monitoring changes in the burst-suppression ratio using electroencephalogram recording. Our findings indicate that optogenetic activation of the PBN-LH and PBN-BF projections plays a significant role in promoting both cortical and behavioral emergence from isoflurane inhalation, without significantly affecting the induction time. Conversely, photoinhibition of these pathways prolonged the recovery time, with no notable difference observed during the induction phase. In summary, our results demonstrate that the PBN-LH and PBN-BF pathways are crucial for promoting arousal from isoflurane general anesthesia, but do not have a pronounced impact on the induction phase. |
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issn | 1471-2253 |
language | English |
last_indexed | 2024-03-09T14:57:43Z |
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spelling | doaj.art-06f2e307c39e4fdd9f2215d065696a9b2023-11-26T14:02:56ZengBMCBMC Anesthesiology1471-22532023-10-0123111110.1186/s12871-023-02294-8Selective optogenetic modulation of the PBN terminals in the lateral hypothalamic area and basal forebrain regulates emergence from isoflurane anesthesia in miceKai Lu0Zhenhuan Wang1Ning Bai2Ziyu Zhao3Xinrong Zhao4Yun He5Department of Anesthesiology, Shaanxi Provincial People’s HospitalLaboratory of Neurobiology, School of Biomedical Engineering, Tianjin Medical UniversityDepartment of Anesthesiology, Shaanxi Provincial People’s HospitalDepartment of Anesthesiology, Shaanxi Provincial People’s HospitalDepartment of Anesthesiology, Shaanxi Provincial People’s HospitalShaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Infection and ImmunityAbstract While the mechanism of general anesthesia has been extensively studied, the underlying neural circuitry has yet to be fully understood. The parabrachial nucleus (PBN) plays a crucial role in modulating wakefulness and promoting arousal from general anesthesia. However, the specific role of PBN projections in the process of general anesthesia remains unclear. In this study, we bilaterally injected AAV-associated viruses encoding excitatory or inhibitory optogenetic probes into the PBN and implanted optical fibers in the LH or BF area. After four weeks, we optogenetically activated or inhibited the PBN-LH and PBN-BF pathways under 1.5 vol% isoflurane. We calculated the time it took for anesthesia induction and emergence, simultaneously monitoring changes in the burst-suppression ratio using electroencephalogram recording. Our findings indicate that optogenetic activation of the PBN-LH and PBN-BF projections plays a significant role in promoting both cortical and behavioral emergence from isoflurane inhalation, without significantly affecting the induction time. Conversely, photoinhibition of these pathways prolonged the recovery time, with no notable difference observed during the induction phase. In summary, our results demonstrate that the PBN-LH and PBN-BF pathways are crucial for promoting arousal from isoflurane general anesthesia, but do not have a pronounced impact on the induction phase.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12871-023-02294-8PBN-LHPBN-BFOptogeneticsIsofluraneMechanism of anesthesia |
spellingShingle | Kai Lu Zhenhuan Wang Ning Bai Ziyu Zhao Xinrong Zhao Yun He Selective optogenetic modulation of the PBN terminals in the lateral hypothalamic area and basal forebrain regulates emergence from isoflurane anesthesia in mice BMC Anesthesiology PBN-LH PBN-BF Optogenetics Isoflurane Mechanism of anesthesia |
title | Selective optogenetic modulation of the PBN terminals in the lateral hypothalamic area and basal forebrain regulates emergence from isoflurane anesthesia in mice |
title_full | Selective optogenetic modulation of the PBN terminals in the lateral hypothalamic area and basal forebrain regulates emergence from isoflurane anesthesia in mice |
title_fullStr | Selective optogenetic modulation of the PBN terminals in the lateral hypothalamic area and basal forebrain regulates emergence from isoflurane anesthesia in mice |
title_full_unstemmed | Selective optogenetic modulation of the PBN terminals in the lateral hypothalamic area and basal forebrain regulates emergence from isoflurane anesthesia in mice |
title_short | Selective optogenetic modulation of the PBN terminals in the lateral hypothalamic area and basal forebrain regulates emergence from isoflurane anesthesia in mice |
title_sort | selective optogenetic modulation of the pbn terminals in the lateral hypothalamic area and basal forebrain regulates emergence from isoflurane anesthesia in mice |
topic | PBN-LH PBN-BF Optogenetics Isoflurane Mechanism of anesthesia |
url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12871-023-02294-8 |
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