Selective optogenetic modulation of the PBN terminals in the lateral hypothalamic area and basal forebrain regulates emergence from isoflurane anesthesia in mice

Abstract While the mechanism of general anesthesia has been extensively studied, the underlying neural circuitry has yet to be fully understood. The parabrachial nucleus (PBN) plays a crucial role in modulating wakefulness and promoting arousal from general anesthesia. However, the specific role of...

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Main Authors: Kai Lu, Zhenhuan Wang, Ning Bai, Ziyu Zhao, Xinrong Zhao, Yun He
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2023-10-01
Series:BMC Anesthesiology
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s12871-023-02294-8
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author Kai Lu
Zhenhuan Wang
Ning Bai
Ziyu Zhao
Xinrong Zhao
Yun He
author_facet Kai Lu
Zhenhuan Wang
Ning Bai
Ziyu Zhao
Xinrong Zhao
Yun He
author_sort Kai Lu
collection DOAJ
description Abstract While the mechanism of general anesthesia has been extensively studied, the underlying neural circuitry has yet to be fully understood. The parabrachial nucleus (PBN) plays a crucial role in modulating wakefulness and promoting arousal from general anesthesia. However, the specific role of PBN projections in the process of general anesthesia remains unclear. In this study, we bilaterally injected AAV-associated viruses encoding excitatory or inhibitory optogenetic probes into the PBN and implanted optical fibers in the LH or BF area. After four weeks, we optogenetically activated or inhibited the PBN-LH and PBN-BF pathways under 1.5 vol% isoflurane. We calculated the time it took for anesthesia induction and emergence, simultaneously monitoring changes in the burst-suppression ratio using electroencephalogram recording. Our findings indicate that optogenetic activation of the PBN-LH and PBN-BF projections plays a significant role in promoting both cortical and behavioral emergence from isoflurane inhalation, without significantly affecting the induction time. Conversely, photoinhibition of these pathways prolonged the recovery time, with no notable difference observed during the induction phase. In summary, our results demonstrate that the PBN-LH and PBN-BF pathways are crucial for promoting arousal from isoflurane general anesthesia, but do not have a pronounced impact on the induction phase.
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spelling doaj.art-06f2e307c39e4fdd9f2215d065696a9b2023-11-26T14:02:56ZengBMCBMC Anesthesiology1471-22532023-10-0123111110.1186/s12871-023-02294-8Selective optogenetic modulation of the PBN terminals in the lateral hypothalamic area and basal forebrain regulates emergence from isoflurane anesthesia in miceKai Lu0Zhenhuan Wang1Ning Bai2Ziyu Zhao3Xinrong Zhao4Yun He5Department of Anesthesiology, Shaanxi Provincial People’s HospitalLaboratory of Neurobiology, School of Biomedical Engineering, Tianjin Medical UniversityDepartment of Anesthesiology, Shaanxi Provincial People’s HospitalDepartment of Anesthesiology, Shaanxi Provincial People’s HospitalDepartment of Anesthesiology, Shaanxi Provincial People’s HospitalShaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Infection and ImmunityAbstract While the mechanism of general anesthesia has been extensively studied, the underlying neural circuitry has yet to be fully understood. The parabrachial nucleus (PBN) plays a crucial role in modulating wakefulness and promoting arousal from general anesthesia. However, the specific role of PBN projections in the process of general anesthesia remains unclear. In this study, we bilaterally injected AAV-associated viruses encoding excitatory or inhibitory optogenetic probes into the PBN and implanted optical fibers in the LH or BF area. After four weeks, we optogenetically activated or inhibited the PBN-LH and PBN-BF pathways under 1.5 vol% isoflurane. We calculated the time it took for anesthesia induction and emergence, simultaneously monitoring changes in the burst-suppression ratio using electroencephalogram recording. Our findings indicate that optogenetic activation of the PBN-LH and PBN-BF projections plays a significant role in promoting both cortical and behavioral emergence from isoflurane inhalation, without significantly affecting the induction time. Conversely, photoinhibition of these pathways prolonged the recovery time, with no notable difference observed during the induction phase. In summary, our results demonstrate that the PBN-LH and PBN-BF pathways are crucial for promoting arousal from isoflurane general anesthesia, but do not have a pronounced impact on the induction phase.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12871-023-02294-8PBN-LHPBN-BFOptogeneticsIsofluraneMechanism of anesthesia
spellingShingle Kai Lu
Zhenhuan Wang
Ning Bai
Ziyu Zhao
Xinrong Zhao
Yun He
Selective optogenetic modulation of the PBN terminals in the lateral hypothalamic area and basal forebrain regulates emergence from isoflurane anesthesia in mice
BMC Anesthesiology
PBN-LH
PBN-BF
Optogenetics
Isoflurane
Mechanism of anesthesia
title Selective optogenetic modulation of the PBN terminals in the lateral hypothalamic area and basal forebrain regulates emergence from isoflurane anesthesia in mice
title_full Selective optogenetic modulation of the PBN terminals in the lateral hypothalamic area and basal forebrain regulates emergence from isoflurane anesthesia in mice
title_fullStr Selective optogenetic modulation of the PBN terminals in the lateral hypothalamic area and basal forebrain regulates emergence from isoflurane anesthesia in mice
title_full_unstemmed Selective optogenetic modulation of the PBN terminals in the lateral hypothalamic area and basal forebrain regulates emergence from isoflurane anesthesia in mice
title_short Selective optogenetic modulation of the PBN terminals in the lateral hypothalamic area and basal forebrain regulates emergence from isoflurane anesthesia in mice
title_sort selective optogenetic modulation of the pbn terminals in the lateral hypothalamic area and basal forebrain regulates emergence from isoflurane anesthesia in mice
topic PBN-LH
PBN-BF
Optogenetics
Isoflurane
Mechanism of anesthesia
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s12871-023-02294-8
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