Genetic characteristics of competitive swimmers: a review
A successful swimming performance is a multi-factorial accomplishment, resulting from a complex interaction of physical, biomechanical, physiological and psychological factors, all of which are strongly affected by the special medium of water as well as by genetic factors. The nature of competitive...
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Termedia Publishing House
2021-04-01
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| Series: | Biology of Sport |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.termedia.pl/Genetic-characteristics-of-competitive-swimmers-a-review,78,43086,1,1.html |
| _version_ | 1828343068181397504 |
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| author | Sigal Ben-Zaken Alon Eliakim Dan Nemet Leonid Kaufman Yoav Meckel |
| author_facet | Sigal Ben-Zaken Alon Eliakim Dan Nemet Leonid Kaufman Yoav Meckel |
| author_sort | Sigal Ben-Zaken |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | A successful swimming performance is a multi-factorial accomplishment, resulting from a complex interaction of physical, biomechanical, physiological and psychological factors, all of which are strongly affected by the special medium of water as well as by genetic factors. The nature of competitive swimming is unique, as most of the competitive events last less than four minutes. Yet training regimens have an endurance nature (many hours and many kilometres of swimming every day), which makes it impossible to classify swimming by definitions of aerobic-type or anaerobic-type events, as in track and field sports. Therefore, genetic variants associated with swimming performance are not necessarily related to metabolic pathways, but rather to blood lactate transport (MCT1), muscle functioning (IGF1 axis), muscle damage (IL6) and others. The current paper reviews the main findings on the leading 12 genetic polymorphisms (located in the ACE, ACTN3, AMPD1, BDKRB2, IGF1, IL6, MCT1, MSTN, NOS3, PPARA, PPARGC1A, and VEGFR2 genes) related to swimming performance, while taking into consideration the unique environment of this sport. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-13T23:37:40Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-0710b76cd33649bcbbe18e5aa4b6fdcb |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 0860-021X 2083-1862 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-13T23:37:40Z |
| publishDate | 2021-04-01 |
| publisher | Termedia Publishing House |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Biology of Sport |
| spelling | doaj.art-0710b76cd33649bcbbe18e5aa4b6fdcb2022-12-22T02:24:38ZengTermedia Publishing HouseBiology of Sport0860-021X2083-18622021-04-0139115717010.5114/biolsport.2022.10286843086Genetic characteristics of competitive swimmers: a reviewSigal Ben-ZakenAlon EliakimDan NemetLeonid KaufmanYoav MeckelA successful swimming performance is a multi-factorial accomplishment, resulting from a complex interaction of physical, biomechanical, physiological and psychological factors, all of which are strongly affected by the special medium of water as well as by genetic factors. The nature of competitive swimming is unique, as most of the competitive events last less than four minutes. Yet training regimens have an endurance nature (many hours and many kilometres of swimming every day), which makes it impossible to classify swimming by definitions of aerobic-type or anaerobic-type events, as in track and field sports. Therefore, genetic variants associated with swimming performance are not necessarily related to metabolic pathways, but rather to blood lactate transport (MCT1), muscle functioning (IGF1 axis), muscle damage (IL6) and others. The current paper reviews the main findings on the leading 12 genetic polymorphisms (located in the ACE, ACTN3, AMPD1, BDKRB2, IGF1, IL6, MCT1, MSTN, NOS3, PPARA, PPARGC1A, and VEGFR2 genes) related to swimming performance, while taking into consideration the unique environment of this sport.https://www.termedia.pl/Genetic-characteristics-of-competitive-swimmers-a-review,78,43086,1,1.htmlswimming sport environment performance genetic polymorphism |
| spellingShingle | Sigal Ben-Zaken Alon Eliakim Dan Nemet Leonid Kaufman Yoav Meckel Genetic characteristics of competitive swimmers: a review Biology of Sport swimming sport environment performance genetic polymorphism |
| title | Genetic characteristics of competitive swimmers: a review |
| title_full | Genetic characteristics of competitive swimmers: a review |
| title_fullStr | Genetic characteristics of competitive swimmers: a review |
| title_full_unstemmed | Genetic characteristics of competitive swimmers: a review |
| title_short | Genetic characteristics of competitive swimmers: a review |
| title_sort | genetic characteristics of competitive swimmers a review |
| topic | swimming sport environment performance genetic polymorphism |
| url | https://www.termedia.pl/Genetic-characteristics-of-competitive-swimmers-a-review,78,43086,1,1.html |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT sigalbenzaken geneticcharacteristicsofcompetitiveswimmersareview AT aloneliakim geneticcharacteristicsofcompetitiveswimmersareview AT dannemet geneticcharacteristicsofcompetitiveswimmersareview AT leonidkaufman geneticcharacteristicsofcompetitiveswimmersareview AT yoavmeckel geneticcharacteristicsofcompetitiveswimmersareview |