The Effect of Bedrock Differences on Plant Water Use Strategies in Typical Karst Areas of Southwest China
Moisture conditions are important ecological factors limiting plant growth in karst areas. In karst areas, because bedrock exposure and permeability are significant and soils are dispersed—without spatial continuity—and shallow, the water storage required for plant uptake and growth in rock fissures...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2022-12-01
|
| Series: | Land |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-445X/12/1/12 |
| _version_ | 1797439955089227776 |
|---|---|
| author | Jing Ning Xiang Liu Xia Wu Hui Yang Jie Ma Jianhua Cao |
| author_facet | Jing Ning Xiang Liu Xia Wu Hui Yang Jie Ma Jianhua Cao |
| author_sort | Jing Ning |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Moisture conditions are important ecological factors limiting plant growth in karst areas. In karst areas, because bedrock exposure and permeability are significant and soils are dispersed—without spatial continuity—and shallow, the water storage required for plant uptake and growth in rock fissures as well as shallow soils is very limited, and therefore, water conditions are an important factor influencing plant growth. In order to discover the sources of water used by plants in the karst zone ecosystem of southwest China and the differences in plant water use under different lithological conditions, this study selected limestone and dolomite in the karst ecological test site of Maocun, Guilin, Guangxi, for comparison with the clastic rock area. By measuring the δD and δ<sup>18</sup>O composition of plant stem water and the potential water sources (soil water, groundwater and precipitation) of the dominant species in the study area, and using the IsoSource and soil water excess (SW-excess) models, we analyzed the proportion of water utilization by different vegetation types under different lithological conditions. The results showed that (1) the slope and intercept of the local rainfall line (LMWL) and soil water line (SWL) in the study area were smaller than those of the global rainfall line (GMWL), and also smaller than those of the local atmospheric precipitation line in Guilin (δD = 8.8δ<sup>18</sup>O + 17.96), indicating that the local rainfall is influenced by evaporation and is formed by nonequilibrium fractionation of isotopes; (2) in general, the plant water sources in the dolomite, limestone, and clastic areas were dominated by rainfall, groundwater, and soil water, respectively; and (3) the fluctuation range of SW-excess in karst areas was significantly greater than that in nonkarst areas, the xylem water of plants in karst areas was more depleted in δD than soil water, and groundwater was more enriched in δD than soil water, indicating that there might be an ecological–hydrological separation phenomenon in karst areas, i.e., the “two water worlds” hypothesis. The results of this study provide scientific data for hydrological regulation in the ecological restoration of karst areas. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T12:01:18Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-07179a9cb3444bfab503c3124db847ac |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-445X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T12:01:18Z |
| publishDate | 2022-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Land |
| spelling | doaj.art-07179a9cb3444bfab503c3124db847ac2023-11-30T23:03:06ZengMDPI AGLand2073-445X2022-12-011211210.3390/land12010012The Effect of Bedrock Differences on Plant Water Use Strategies in Typical Karst Areas of Southwest ChinaJing Ning0Xiang Liu1Xia Wu2Hui Yang3Jie Ma4Jianhua Cao5Key Laboratory of Karst Dynamics, MNR & GZAR, Institute of Karst Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Guilin 541004, ChinaKey Laboratory of Karst Dynamics, MNR & GZAR, Institute of Karst Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Guilin 541004, ChinaKey Laboratory of Karst Dynamics, MNR & GZAR, Institute of Karst Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Guilin 541004, ChinaKey Laboratory of Karst Dynamics, MNR & GZAR, Institute of Karst Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Guilin 541004, ChinaKey Laboratory of Karst Dynamics, MNR & GZAR, Institute of Karst Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Guilin 541004, ChinaKey Laboratory of Karst Dynamics, MNR & GZAR, Institute of Karst Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Guilin 541004, ChinaMoisture conditions are important ecological factors limiting plant growth in karst areas. In karst areas, because bedrock exposure and permeability are significant and soils are dispersed—without spatial continuity—and shallow, the water storage required for plant uptake and growth in rock fissures as well as shallow soils is very limited, and therefore, water conditions are an important factor influencing plant growth. In order to discover the sources of water used by plants in the karst zone ecosystem of southwest China and the differences in plant water use under different lithological conditions, this study selected limestone and dolomite in the karst ecological test site of Maocun, Guilin, Guangxi, for comparison with the clastic rock area. By measuring the δD and δ<sup>18</sup>O composition of plant stem water and the potential water sources (soil water, groundwater and precipitation) of the dominant species in the study area, and using the IsoSource and soil water excess (SW-excess) models, we analyzed the proportion of water utilization by different vegetation types under different lithological conditions. The results showed that (1) the slope and intercept of the local rainfall line (LMWL) and soil water line (SWL) in the study area were smaller than those of the global rainfall line (GMWL), and also smaller than those of the local atmospheric precipitation line in Guilin (δD = 8.8δ<sup>18</sup>O + 17.96), indicating that the local rainfall is influenced by evaporation and is formed by nonequilibrium fractionation of isotopes; (2) in general, the plant water sources in the dolomite, limestone, and clastic areas were dominated by rainfall, groundwater, and soil water, respectively; and (3) the fluctuation range of SW-excess in karst areas was significantly greater than that in nonkarst areas, the xylem water of plants in karst areas was more depleted in δD than soil water, and groundwater was more enriched in δD than soil water, indicating that there might be an ecological–hydrological separation phenomenon in karst areas, i.e., the “two water worlds” hypothesis. The results of this study provide scientific data for hydrological regulation in the ecological restoration of karst areas.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-445X/12/1/12hydrogen and oxygen stable isotopeskarst areaIsoSource modelwater use sources |
| spellingShingle | Jing Ning Xiang Liu Xia Wu Hui Yang Jie Ma Jianhua Cao The Effect of Bedrock Differences on Plant Water Use Strategies in Typical Karst Areas of Southwest China Land hydrogen and oxygen stable isotopes karst area IsoSource model water use sources |
| title | The Effect of Bedrock Differences on Plant Water Use Strategies in Typical Karst Areas of Southwest China |
| title_full | The Effect of Bedrock Differences on Plant Water Use Strategies in Typical Karst Areas of Southwest China |
| title_fullStr | The Effect of Bedrock Differences on Plant Water Use Strategies in Typical Karst Areas of Southwest China |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Effect of Bedrock Differences on Plant Water Use Strategies in Typical Karst Areas of Southwest China |
| title_short | The Effect of Bedrock Differences on Plant Water Use Strategies in Typical Karst Areas of Southwest China |
| title_sort | effect of bedrock differences on plant water use strategies in typical karst areas of southwest china |
| topic | hydrogen and oxygen stable isotopes karst area IsoSource model water use sources |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-445X/12/1/12 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT jingning theeffectofbedrockdifferencesonplantwaterusestrategiesintypicalkarstareasofsouthwestchina AT xiangliu theeffectofbedrockdifferencesonplantwaterusestrategiesintypicalkarstareasofsouthwestchina AT xiawu theeffectofbedrockdifferencesonplantwaterusestrategiesintypicalkarstareasofsouthwestchina AT huiyang theeffectofbedrockdifferencesonplantwaterusestrategiesintypicalkarstareasofsouthwestchina AT jiema theeffectofbedrockdifferencesonplantwaterusestrategiesintypicalkarstareasofsouthwestchina AT jianhuacao theeffectofbedrockdifferencesonplantwaterusestrategiesintypicalkarstareasofsouthwestchina AT jingning effectofbedrockdifferencesonplantwaterusestrategiesintypicalkarstareasofsouthwestchina AT xiangliu effectofbedrockdifferencesonplantwaterusestrategiesintypicalkarstareasofsouthwestchina AT xiawu effectofbedrockdifferencesonplantwaterusestrategiesintypicalkarstareasofsouthwestchina AT huiyang effectofbedrockdifferencesonplantwaterusestrategiesintypicalkarstareasofsouthwestchina AT jiema effectofbedrockdifferencesonplantwaterusestrategiesintypicalkarstareasofsouthwestchina AT jianhuacao effectofbedrockdifferencesonplantwaterusestrategiesintypicalkarstareasofsouthwestchina |