Multiple translocation of the AVR-Pita effector gene among chromosomes of the rice blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae and related species.
Magnaporthe oryzae is the causal agent of rice blast disease, a devastating problem worldwide. This fungus has caused breakdown of resistance conferred by newly developed commercial cultivars. To address how the rice blast fungus adapts itself to new resistance genes so quickly, we examined chromoso...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Public Library of Science (PLoS)
2011-07-01
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| Series: | PLoS Pathogens |
| Online Access: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmid/21829350/pdf/?tool=EBI |
| _version_ | 1818341704917319680 |
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| author | Izumi Chuma Chihiro Isobe Yuma Hotta Kana Ibaragi Natsuru Futamata Motoaki Kusaba Kentaro Yoshida Ryohei Terauchi Yoshikatsu Fujita Hitoshi Nakayashiki Barbara Valent Yukio Tosa |
| author_facet | Izumi Chuma Chihiro Isobe Yuma Hotta Kana Ibaragi Natsuru Futamata Motoaki Kusaba Kentaro Yoshida Ryohei Terauchi Yoshikatsu Fujita Hitoshi Nakayashiki Barbara Valent Yukio Tosa |
| author_sort | Izumi Chuma |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Magnaporthe oryzae is the causal agent of rice blast disease, a devastating problem worldwide. This fungus has caused breakdown of resistance conferred by newly developed commercial cultivars. To address how the rice blast fungus adapts itself to new resistance genes so quickly, we examined chromosomal locations of AVR-Pita, a subtelomeric gene family corresponding to the Pita resistance gene, in various isolates of M. oryzae (including wheat and millet pathogens) and its related species. We found that AVR-Pita (AVR-Pita1 and AVR-Pita2) is highly variable in its genome location, occurring in chromosomes 1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, and supernumerary chromosomes, particularly in rice-infecting isolates. When expressed in M. oryzae, most of the AVR-Pita homologs could elicit Pita-mediated resistance, even those from non-rice isolates. AVR-Pita was flanked by a retrotransposon, which presumably contributed to its multiple translocation across the genome. On the other hand, family member AVR-Pita3, which lacks avirulence activity, was stably located on chromosome 7 in a vast majority of isolates. These results suggest that the diversification in genome location of AVR-Pita in the rice isolates is a consequence of recognition by Pita in rice. We propose a model that the multiple translocation of AVR-Pita may be associated with its frequent loss and recovery mediated by its transfer among individuals in asexual populations. This model implies that the high mobility of AVR-Pita is a key mechanism accounting for the rapid adaptation toward Pita. Dynamic adaptation of some fungal plant pathogens may be achieved by deletion and recovery of avirulence genes using a population as a unit of adaptation. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-13T16:03:02Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-0717ae1ebf5947c39e95074a6889925e |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1553-7366 1553-7374 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-13T16:03:02Z |
| publishDate | 2011-07-01 |
| publisher | Public Library of Science (PLoS) |
| record_format | Article |
| series | PLoS Pathogens |
| spelling | doaj.art-0717ae1ebf5947c39e95074a6889925e2022-12-21T23:39:06ZengPublic Library of Science (PLoS)PLoS Pathogens1553-73661553-73742011-07-0177e100214710.1371/journal.ppat.1002147Multiple translocation of the AVR-Pita effector gene among chromosomes of the rice blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae and related species.Izumi ChumaChihiro IsobeYuma HottaKana IbaragiNatsuru FutamataMotoaki KusabaKentaro YoshidaRyohei TerauchiYoshikatsu FujitaHitoshi NakayashikiBarbara ValentYukio TosaMagnaporthe oryzae is the causal agent of rice blast disease, a devastating problem worldwide. This fungus has caused breakdown of resistance conferred by newly developed commercial cultivars. To address how the rice blast fungus adapts itself to new resistance genes so quickly, we examined chromosomal locations of AVR-Pita, a subtelomeric gene family corresponding to the Pita resistance gene, in various isolates of M. oryzae (including wheat and millet pathogens) and its related species. We found that AVR-Pita (AVR-Pita1 and AVR-Pita2) is highly variable in its genome location, occurring in chromosomes 1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, and supernumerary chromosomes, particularly in rice-infecting isolates. When expressed in M. oryzae, most of the AVR-Pita homologs could elicit Pita-mediated resistance, even those from non-rice isolates. AVR-Pita was flanked by a retrotransposon, which presumably contributed to its multiple translocation across the genome. On the other hand, family member AVR-Pita3, which lacks avirulence activity, was stably located on chromosome 7 in a vast majority of isolates. These results suggest that the diversification in genome location of AVR-Pita in the rice isolates is a consequence of recognition by Pita in rice. We propose a model that the multiple translocation of AVR-Pita may be associated with its frequent loss and recovery mediated by its transfer among individuals in asexual populations. This model implies that the high mobility of AVR-Pita is a key mechanism accounting for the rapid adaptation toward Pita. Dynamic adaptation of some fungal plant pathogens may be achieved by deletion and recovery of avirulence genes using a population as a unit of adaptation.https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmid/21829350/pdf/?tool=EBI |
| spellingShingle | Izumi Chuma Chihiro Isobe Yuma Hotta Kana Ibaragi Natsuru Futamata Motoaki Kusaba Kentaro Yoshida Ryohei Terauchi Yoshikatsu Fujita Hitoshi Nakayashiki Barbara Valent Yukio Tosa Multiple translocation of the AVR-Pita effector gene among chromosomes of the rice blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae and related species. PLoS Pathogens |
| title | Multiple translocation of the AVR-Pita effector gene among chromosomes of the rice blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae and related species. |
| title_full | Multiple translocation of the AVR-Pita effector gene among chromosomes of the rice blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae and related species. |
| title_fullStr | Multiple translocation of the AVR-Pita effector gene among chromosomes of the rice blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae and related species. |
| title_full_unstemmed | Multiple translocation of the AVR-Pita effector gene among chromosomes of the rice blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae and related species. |
| title_short | Multiple translocation of the AVR-Pita effector gene among chromosomes of the rice blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae and related species. |
| title_sort | multiple translocation of the avr pita effector gene among chromosomes of the rice blast fungus magnaporthe oryzae and related species |
| url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmid/21829350/pdf/?tool=EBI |
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