Can we breed for durable resistance to broomrapes?

The broomrapes (Orobanche and Phelipanche) are parasitic plants that have modified biology to feed on other plants, completely losing autotrophic capability. Some broomrape species have adapted to agricultural ecosystems becoming parasitic weeds. The most damaging weedy broomrapes are O. crenata, O....

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Main Author: Diego RUBIALES
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Firenze University Press 2018-05-01
Series:Phytopathologia Mediterranea
Subjects:
Online Access:https://oajournals.fupress.net/index.php/pm/article/view/5760
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author Diego RUBIALES
author_facet Diego RUBIALES
author_sort Diego RUBIALES
collection DOAJ
description The broomrapes (Orobanche and Phelipanche) are parasitic plants that have modified biology to feed on other plants, completely losing autotrophic capability. Some broomrape species have adapted to agricultural ecosystems becoming parasitic weeds. The most damaging weedy broomrapes are O. crenata, O. foetida, O. minor, O. cumana, O. cernua and P. ramosa and P. aegyptiaca, which can severely constrain important dicotyledonous crops, mainly in the Mediterranean Basin. This adaptation is an active process, with recent instances of jumps from non-weedy to weedy behavior, such as for O. cumana adapting to infect sunflower little more than a century ago; O. cernua adapting to infect tomato, tobacco and eggplant; and the more recent example of O. foetida adapting to infect faba bean a few decades ago. This also relates to parasite speciation towards particular hosts, such as the ongoing process of P. ramosa populations infecting winter oilseed rape. Sunflower is a unique situation, in which highly effective monogenic resistances to broomrape have been identified and widely deployed by sunflower breeders. This was accompanied by the subsequent appearance and spread of new races of O. cumana overcoming the introduced host resistance genes. In contrast, only quantitative resistances were identified and exploited by breeders in other crops against other broomrapes. Achievements and prospects for broomrape resistance breeding are presented and critically discussed, along with complementary measures needed to preserve durability of resistance. Particularly important is the prevention of human-driven broomrape seed dispersal by crop seed trade, together with broomrape seed soil-bank demise.
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spelling doaj.art-071d99cfc1e042fbbffced64aa1823a82022-12-21T19:12:29ZengFirenze University PressPhytopathologia Mediterranea0031-94651593-20952018-05-0157110.14601/Phytopathol_Mediterr-2254318971Can we breed for durable resistance to broomrapes?Diego RUBIALES0Institute for Sustainable Agriculture, CSIC, 14004 Córdoba, SpainThe broomrapes (Orobanche and Phelipanche) are parasitic plants that have modified biology to feed on other plants, completely losing autotrophic capability. Some broomrape species have adapted to agricultural ecosystems becoming parasitic weeds. The most damaging weedy broomrapes are O. crenata, O. foetida, O. minor, O. cumana, O. cernua and P. ramosa and P. aegyptiaca, which can severely constrain important dicotyledonous crops, mainly in the Mediterranean Basin. This adaptation is an active process, with recent instances of jumps from non-weedy to weedy behavior, such as for O. cumana adapting to infect sunflower little more than a century ago; O. cernua adapting to infect tomato, tobacco and eggplant; and the more recent example of O. foetida adapting to infect faba bean a few decades ago. This also relates to parasite speciation towards particular hosts, such as the ongoing process of P. ramosa populations infecting winter oilseed rape. Sunflower is a unique situation, in which highly effective monogenic resistances to broomrape have been identified and widely deployed by sunflower breeders. This was accompanied by the subsequent appearance and spread of new races of O. cumana overcoming the introduced host resistance genes. In contrast, only quantitative resistances were identified and exploited by breeders in other crops against other broomrapes. Achievements and prospects for broomrape resistance breeding are presented and critically discussed, along with complementary measures needed to preserve durability of resistance. Particularly important is the prevention of human-driven broomrape seed dispersal by crop seed trade, together with broomrape seed soil-bank demise.https://oajournals.fupress.net/index.php/pm/article/view/5760crop managementlegumesunflower
spellingShingle Diego RUBIALES
Can we breed for durable resistance to broomrapes?
Phytopathologia Mediterranea
crop management
legume
sunflower
title Can we breed for durable resistance to broomrapes?
title_full Can we breed for durable resistance to broomrapes?
title_fullStr Can we breed for durable resistance to broomrapes?
title_full_unstemmed Can we breed for durable resistance to broomrapes?
title_short Can we breed for durable resistance to broomrapes?
title_sort can we breed for durable resistance to broomrapes
topic crop management
legume
sunflower
url https://oajournals.fupress.net/index.php/pm/article/view/5760
work_keys_str_mv AT diegorubiales canwebreedfordurableresistancetobroomrapes