A Comprehensive Comparison and Validation of Published Methods to Detect Turn Switch during Alpine Skiing
The instant of turn switch (TS) in alpine skiing has been assessed with a variety of sensors and TS concepts. Despite many published methodologies, it is unclear which is best or how comparable they are. This study aimed to facilitate the process of choosing a TS method by evaluating the accuracy an...
| Main Authors: | , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2021-04-01
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| Series: | Sensors |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/7/2573 |
| _version_ | 1797538582520397824 |
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| author | Aaron Martínez Cory Snyder Stephanie R. Moore Thomas Stöggl |
| author_facet | Aaron Martínez Cory Snyder Stephanie R. Moore Thomas Stöggl |
| author_sort | Aaron Martínez |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The instant of turn switch (TS) in alpine skiing has been assessed with a variety of sensors and TS concepts. Despite many published methodologies, it is unclear which is best or how comparable they are. This study aimed to facilitate the process of choosing a TS method by evaluating the accuracy and precision of the methodologies previously used in literature and to assess the influence of the sensor type. Optoelectronic motion capture, inertial measurement units, pressure insoles, portable force plates, and electromyography signals were recorded during indoor treadmill skiing. All TS methodologies were replicated as stated in their respective publications. The method proposed by Supej assessed with optoelectronic motion capture was used as a comparison reference. TS time differences between the reference and each methodology were used to assess accuracy and precision. All the methods analyzed showed an accuracy within 0.25 s, and ten of them within 0.05 s. The precision ranged from ~0.10 s to ~0.60 s. The TS methodologies with the best performance (accuracy and precision) were Klous Video, Spörri PI (pressure insoles), Martinez CTD (connected boot), and Yamagiwa IMU (inertial measurement unit). In the future, the specific TS methodology should be chosen with respect to sensor selection, performance, and intended purpose. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T12:33:29Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-0735b6cb52ea465cb6d3c370a76be36d |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1424-8220 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T12:33:29Z |
| publishDate | 2021-04-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Sensors |
| spelling | doaj.art-0735b6cb52ea465cb6d3c370a76be36d2023-11-21T14:26:09ZengMDPI AGSensors1424-82202021-04-01217257310.3390/s21072573A Comprehensive Comparison and Validation of Published Methods to Detect Turn Switch during Alpine SkiingAaron Martínez0Cory Snyder1Stephanie R. Moore2Thomas Stöggl3Department of Sport and Exercise Science, University of Salzburg, Schlossallee 49, 5400 Hallein/Rif, AustriaDepartment of Sport and Exercise Science, University of Salzburg, Schlossallee 49, 5400 Hallein/Rif, AustriaDepartment of Sport and Exercise Science, University of Salzburg, Schlossallee 49, 5400 Hallein/Rif, AustriaDepartment of Sport and Exercise Science, University of Salzburg, Schlossallee 49, 5400 Hallein/Rif, AustriaThe instant of turn switch (TS) in alpine skiing has been assessed with a variety of sensors and TS concepts. Despite many published methodologies, it is unclear which is best or how comparable they are. This study aimed to facilitate the process of choosing a TS method by evaluating the accuracy and precision of the methodologies previously used in literature and to assess the influence of the sensor type. Optoelectronic motion capture, inertial measurement units, pressure insoles, portable force plates, and electromyography signals were recorded during indoor treadmill skiing. All TS methodologies were replicated as stated in their respective publications. The method proposed by Supej assessed with optoelectronic motion capture was used as a comparison reference. TS time differences between the reference and each methodology were used to assess accuracy and precision. All the methods analyzed showed an accuracy within 0.25 s, and ten of them within 0.05 s. The precision ranged from ~0.10 s to ~0.60 s. The TS methodologies with the best performance (accuracy and precision) were Klous Video, Spörri PI (pressure insoles), Martinez CTD (connected boot), and Yamagiwa IMU (inertial measurement unit). In the future, the specific TS methodology should be chosen with respect to sensor selection, performance, and intended purpose.https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/7/2573accuracyforce plateIMUmotion capturepressure insoleprecision |
| spellingShingle | Aaron Martínez Cory Snyder Stephanie R. Moore Thomas Stöggl A Comprehensive Comparison and Validation of Published Methods to Detect Turn Switch during Alpine Skiing Sensors accuracy force plate IMU motion capture pressure insole precision |
| title | A Comprehensive Comparison and Validation of Published Methods to Detect Turn Switch during Alpine Skiing |
| title_full | A Comprehensive Comparison and Validation of Published Methods to Detect Turn Switch during Alpine Skiing |
| title_fullStr | A Comprehensive Comparison and Validation of Published Methods to Detect Turn Switch during Alpine Skiing |
| title_full_unstemmed | A Comprehensive Comparison and Validation of Published Methods to Detect Turn Switch during Alpine Skiing |
| title_short | A Comprehensive Comparison and Validation of Published Methods to Detect Turn Switch during Alpine Skiing |
| title_sort | comprehensive comparison and validation of published methods to detect turn switch during alpine skiing |
| topic | accuracy force plate IMU motion capture pressure insole precision |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/7/2573 |
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