Highly Sensitive Detection and Differentiation of Endotoxins Derived from Bacterial Pathogens by Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering
Bacterial endotoxins, as major components of Gram-negative bacterial outer membrane leaflets and a well-characterized TLR4-MD-2 ligand, are lipopolysaccharides (LPSs) that are constantly shed from bacteria during growth and infection. For the first time, we report that unique surface-enhanced Raman...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2021-07-01
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| Series: | Biosensors |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6374/11/7/234 |
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| author | Xiaomeng Wu Yiping Zhao Susu M. Zughaier |
| author_facet | Xiaomeng Wu Yiping Zhao Susu M. Zughaier |
| author_sort | Xiaomeng Wu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Bacterial endotoxins, as major components of Gram-negative bacterial outer membrane leaflets and a well-characterized TLR4-MD-2 ligand, are lipopolysaccharides (LPSs) that are constantly shed from bacteria during growth and infection. For the first time, we report that unique surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) spectra of enteric LPSs from <i>E. coli</i>, <i>S. typhimurium</i>, <i>S. minnesota</i>, <i>V. cholerae</i>, <i>Rhizobium</i> species <i>R</i>. CE3, and <i>R</i>. NGR, as well as <i>Neisseria meningitidis</i> endotoxin structures, LPSs, lipid A, and KDO2-lipid A can be obtained. The characteristic peaks of the SERS spectra reveal that most of the tested LPS structures are from lipids and saccharides, i.e., the major components of LPSs, and these spectra can be successfully used to differentiate between endotoxins with principal components analysis. In addition, all the LPS samples here are measured at a concentration of 10 nmole/mL, which corresponds to their relevant pathophysiological concentrations in clinical infections. This study demonstrates that LPSs can be used as biomarkers for the highly sensitive detection of bacteria using SERS-based methods. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T09:44:38Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-073b6c8b7ce24cbeb6b9792ce9e99b93 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2079-6374 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T09:44:38Z |
| publishDate | 2021-07-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Biosensors |
| spelling | doaj.art-073b6c8b7ce24cbeb6b9792ce9e99b932023-11-22T03:19:59ZengMDPI AGBiosensors2079-63742021-07-0111723410.3390/bios11070234Highly Sensitive Detection and Differentiation of Endotoxins Derived from Bacterial Pathogens by Surface-Enhanced Raman ScatteringXiaomeng Wu0Yiping Zhao1Susu M. Zughaier2College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, National Engineering Research Center for Fruit & Vegetable Processing, Key Laboratory of Fruit & Vegetable Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing Key Laboratory for Food Non-Thermal Processing, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, ChinaDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USADepartment of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2731, QatarBacterial endotoxins, as major components of Gram-negative bacterial outer membrane leaflets and a well-characterized TLR4-MD-2 ligand, are lipopolysaccharides (LPSs) that are constantly shed from bacteria during growth and infection. For the first time, we report that unique surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) spectra of enteric LPSs from <i>E. coli</i>, <i>S. typhimurium</i>, <i>S. minnesota</i>, <i>V. cholerae</i>, <i>Rhizobium</i> species <i>R</i>. CE3, and <i>R</i>. NGR, as well as <i>Neisseria meningitidis</i> endotoxin structures, LPSs, lipid A, and KDO2-lipid A can be obtained. The characteristic peaks of the SERS spectra reveal that most of the tested LPS structures are from lipids and saccharides, i.e., the major components of LPSs, and these spectra can be successfully used to differentiate between endotoxins with principal components analysis. In addition, all the LPS samples here are measured at a concentration of 10 nmole/mL, which corresponds to their relevant pathophysiological concentrations in clinical infections. This study demonstrates that LPSs can be used as biomarkers for the highly sensitive detection of bacteria using SERS-based methods.https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6374/11/7/234SERSLPSbacteriaendotoxinlipid Asilver nanorods |
| spellingShingle | Xiaomeng Wu Yiping Zhao Susu M. Zughaier Highly Sensitive Detection and Differentiation of Endotoxins Derived from Bacterial Pathogens by Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering Biosensors SERS LPS bacteria endotoxin lipid A silver nanorods |
| title | Highly Sensitive Detection and Differentiation of Endotoxins Derived from Bacterial Pathogens by Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering |
| title_full | Highly Sensitive Detection and Differentiation of Endotoxins Derived from Bacterial Pathogens by Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering |
| title_fullStr | Highly Sensitive Detection and Differentiation of Endotoxins Derived from Bacterial Pathogens by Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering |
| title_full_unstemmed | Highly Sensitive Detection and Differentiation of Endotoxins Derived from Bacterial Pathogens by Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering |
| title_short | Highly Sensitive Detection and Differentiation of Endotoxins Derived from Bacterial Pathogens by Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering |
| title_sort | highly sensitive detection and differentiation of endotoxins derived from bacterial pathogens by surface enhanced raman scattering |
| topic | SERS LPS bacteria endotoxin lipid A silver nanorods |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6374/11/7/234 |
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