Esterification Optimization of Crude African Palm Olein Using Response Surface Methodology and Heterogeneous Acid Catalysis
In this work, the effect of zeolite montmorillonite KSF in the esterification of free fatty acids (FFAs) of crude African palm olein (Eleaias guinnesis Jacq) was studied. To optimize the esterification of FFAs of the crude African palm olein (CAPO), the response surface methodology (RSM) that was ba...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2018-01-01
|
| Series: | Energies |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/11/1/157 |
| _version_ | 1798042032815472640 |
|---|---|
| author | Francisco Anguebes-Franseschi Mohamed Abatal Ali Bassam Mauricio A. Escalante Soberanis Oscar May Tzuc Lauro Bucio-Galindo Atl Victor Cordova Quiroz Claudia Alejandra Aguilar Ucan Miguel Angel Ramirez-Elias |
| author_facet | Francisco Anguebes-Franseschi Mohamed Abatal Ali Bassam Mauricio A. Escalante Soberanis Oscar May Tzuc Lauro Bucio-Galindo Atl Victor Cordova Quiroz Claudia Alejandra Aguilar Ucan Miguel Angel Ramirez-Elias |
| author_sort | Francisco Anguebes-Franseschi |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | In this work, the effect of zeolite montmorillonite KSF in the esterification of free fatty acids (FFAs) of crude African palm olein (Eleaias guinnesis Jacq) was studied. To optimize the esterification of FFAs of the crude African palm olein (CAPO), the response surface methodology (RSM) that was based on a central composite rotatable design (CCRD) was used. The effects of three parameters were investigated: (a) catalyst loading (2.6–9.4 wt %), (b) reaction temperature (133.2–166.2 °C), and (c) reaction time (0.32–3.68 h). The Analysis of variance (ANOVA) indicated that linear terms of catalyst loading (X1), reaction temperature (X2), the quadratic term of catalyst loading ( X 1 2 ), temperature reaction ( X 2 2 ), reaction time ( X 3 2 ), the interaction catalyst loading with reaction time ( X 1 * X3), and the interaction reaction temperature with reaction time ( X 2 * X3) have a significant effect (p < 0.05 with a 95% confidence level) on Fatty Methyl Ester (FAME) yield. The result indicated that the optimum reaction conditions to esterification of FFAs were: catalyst loading 9.4 wt %, reaction temperature 155.5 °C, and 3.3 h for reaction time, respectively. Under these conditions, the numerical estimation of FAME yield was 91.81 wt %. This result was experimentally validated obtaining a difference of 1.7% FAME yield, with respect to simulated values. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-11T22:29:50Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-07603c21acd1462ea6045710c305ab35 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1996-1073 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-11T22:29:50Z |
| publishDate | 2018-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Energies |
| spelling | doaj.art-07603c21acd1462ea6045710c305ab352022-12-22T03:59:29ZengMDPI AGEnergies1996-10732018-01-0111115710.3390/en11010157en11010157Esterification Optimization of Crude African Palm Olein Using Response Surface Methodology and Heterogeneous Acid CatalysisFrancisco Anguebes-Franseschi0Mohamed Abatal1Ali Bassam2Mauricio A. Escalante Soberanis3Oscar May Tzuc4Lauro Bucio-Galindo5Atl Victor Cordova Quiroz6Claudia Alejandra Aguilar Ucan7Miguel Angel Ramirez-Elias8Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma del Carmen, Calle 56 No. 4 Esq. Av. Concordia, Col. Benito Juárez, Ciudad del Carmen 24180, Campeche, MexicoFacultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma del Carmen, Campus III, Avenida Central S/N, Esq. con Fracc. Mundo Maya, Ciudad del Carmen 24115, Campeche, MexicoFacultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Av. Industrias no Contaminantes por Periférico Norte, Apdo, Postal 150 Cordemex, Merida 97000, Yucatan, MexicoFacultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Av. Industrias no Contaminantes por Periférico Norte, Apdo, Postal 150 Cordemex, Merida 97000, Yucatan, MexicoFacultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Av. Industrias no Contaminantes por Periférico Norte, Apdo, Postal 150 Cordemex, Merida 97000, Yucatan, MexicoInstituto de Física, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito de la Investigación Científica Ciudad Universitaria, Mexico D.F. 04510, MexicoFacultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma del Carmen, Calle 56 No. 4 Esq. Av. Concordia, Col. Benito Juárez, Ciudad del Carmen 24180, Campeche, MexicoFacultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma del Carmen, Calle 56 No. 4 Esq. Av. Concordia, Col. Benito Juárez, Ciudad del Carmen 24180, Campeche, MexicoFacultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma del Carmen, Calle 56 No. 4 Esq. Av. Concordia, Col. Benito Juárez, Ciudad del Carmen 24180, Campeche, MexicoIn this work, the effect of zeolite montmorillonite KSF in the esterification of free fatty acids (FFAs) of crude African palm olein (Eleaias guinnesis Jacq) was studied. To optimize the esterification of FFAs of the crude African palm olein (CAPO), the response surface methodology (RSM) that was based on a central composite rotatable design (CCRD) was used. The effects of three parameters were investigated: (a) catalyst loading (2.6–9.4 wt %), (b) reaction temperature (133.2–166.2 °C), and (c) reaction time (0.32–3.68 h). The Analysis of variance (ANOVA) indicated that linear terms of catalyst loading (X1), reaction temperature (X2), the quadratic term of catalyst loading ( X 1 2 ), temperature reaction ( X 2 2 ), reaction time ( X 3 2 ), the interaction catalyst loading with reaction time ( X 1 * X3), and the interaction reaction temperature with reaction time ( X 2 * X3) have a significant effect (p < 0.05 with a 95% confidence level) on Fatty Methyl Ester (FAME) yield. The result indicated that the optimum reaction conditions to esterification of FFAs were: catalyst loading 9.4 wt %, reaction temperature 155.5 °C, and 3.3 h for reaction time, respectively. Under these conditions, the numerical estimation of FAME yield was 91.81 wt %. This result was experimentally validated obtaining a difference of 1.7% FAME yield, with respect to simulated values.http://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/11/1/157biodieselheterogeneous acid catalysisresponse surface methodologyAfrican palm |
| spellingShingle | Francisco Anguebes-Franseschi Mohamed Abatal Ali Bassam Mauricio A. Escalante Soberanis Oscar May Tzuc Lauro Bucio-Galindo Atl Victor Cordova Quiroz Claudia Alejandra Aguilar Ucan Miguel Angel Ramirez-Elias Esterification Optimization of Crude African Palm Olein Using Response Surface Methodology and Heterogeneous Acid Catalysis Energies biodiesel heterogeneous acid catalysis response surface methodology African palm |
| title | Esterification Optimization of Crude African Palm Olein Using Response Surface Methodology and Heterogeneous Acid Catalysis |
| title_full | Esterification Optimization of Crude African Palm Olein Using Response Surface Methodology and Heterogeneous Acid Catalysis |
| title_fullStr | Esterification Optimization of Crude African Palm Olein Using Response Surface Methodology and Heterogeneous Acid Catalysis |
| title_full_unstemmed | Esterification Optimization of Crude African Palm Olein Using Response Surface Methodology and Heterogeneous Acid Catalysis |
| title_short | Esterification Optimization of Crude African Palm Olein Using Response Surface Methodology and Heterogeneous Acid Catalysis |
| title_sort | esterification optimization of crude african palm olein using response surface methodology and heterogeneous acid catalysis |
| topic | biodiesel heterogeneous acid catalysis response surface methodology African palm |
| url | http://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/11/1/157 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT franciscoanguebesfranseschi esterificationoptimizationofcrudeafricanpalmoleinusingresponsesurfacemethodologyandheterogeneousacidcatalysis AT mohamedabatal esterificationoptimizationofcrudeafricanpalmoleinusingresponsesurfacemethodologyandheterogeneousacidcatalysis AT alibassam esterificationoptimizationofcrudeafricanpalmoleinusingresponsesurfacemethodologyandheterogeneousacidcatalysis AT mauricioaescalantesoberanis esterificationoptimizationofcrudeafricanpalmoleinusingresponsesurfacemethodologyandheterogeneousacidcatalysis AT oscarmaytzuc esterificationoptimizationofcrudeafricanpalmoleinusingresponsesurfacemethodologyandheterogeneousacidcatalysis AT laurobuciogalindo esterificationoptimizationofcrudeafricanpalmoleinusingresponsesurfacemethodologyandheterogeneousacidcatalysis AT atlvictorcordovaquiroz esterificationoptimizationofcrudeafricanpalmoleinusingresponsesurfacemethodologyandheterogeneousacidcatalysis AT claudiaalejandraaguilarucan esterificationoptimizationofcrudeafricanpalmoleinusingresponsesurfacemethodologyandheterogeneousacidcatalysis AT miguelangelramirezelias esterificationoptimizationofcrudeafricanpalmoleinusingresponsesurfacemethodologyandheterogeneousacidcatalysis |