Evaluation of Clinical Meaningfulness of Red Clover (<em>Trifolium pratense</em> L.) Extract to Relieve Hot Flushes and Menopausal Symptoms in Peri- and Post-Menopausal Women: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
The meta-analysis presented in this article covered the efficacy of red clover isoflavones in relieving hot flushes and menopausal symptoms in perimenopausal and postmenopausal women. Studies were identified by MEDLINE (PubMed), Embase, and the Cochrane Library searches. The quality of the studies w...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2021-04-01
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| Series: | Nutrients |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/13/4/1258 |
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| author | Wiesław Kanadys Agnieszka Barańska Agata Błaszczuk Małgorzata Polz-Dacewicz Bartłomiej Drop Krzysztof Kanecki Maria Malm |
| author_facet | Wiesław Kanadys Agnieszka Barańska Agata Błaszczuk Małgorzata Polz-Dacewicz Bartłomiej Drop Krzysztof Kanecki Maria Malm |
| author_sort | Wiesław Kanadys |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The meta-analysis presented in this article covered the efficacy of red clover isoflavones in relieving hot flushes and menopausal symptoms in perimenopausal and postmenopausal women. Studies were identified by MEDLINE (PubMed), Embase, and the Cochrane Library searches. The quality of the studies was evaluated according to Cochrane criteria. A meta-analysis of eight trials (ten comparisons) demonstrated a statistically significant reduction in the daily incidence of hot flushes in women receiving red clover compared to those receiving placebo: weighted mean difference (WMD—weighted mean difference) −1.73 hot flushes per day, 95% CI (confidence interval) −3.28 to −0.18; <i>p</i> = 0.0292. Due to 87.34% heterogeneity, the performed analysis showed substantive difference in comparisons of postmenopausal women with ≥5 hot flushes per day, when the follow-up period was 12 weeks, with an isoflavone dose of ≥80 mg/day, and when the formulations contained a higher proportion of biochanin A. The meta-analysis of included studies assessing the effect of red clover isoflavone extract on menopausal symptoms showed a statistically moderate relationship with the reduction in the daily frequency of hot flushes. However, further well-designed studies are required to confirm the present findings and to finally determine the effects of red clover on the relief of flushing episodes. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T12:24:43Z |
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| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2072-6643 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T12:24:43Z |
| publishDate | 2021-04-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Nutrients |
| spelling | doaj.art-0775e85b66ef4e9b8403e6d21ff433da2023-11-21T15:06:50ZengMDPI AGNutrients2072-66432021-04-01134125810.3390/nu13041258Evaluation of Clinical Meaningfulness of Red Clover (<em>Trifolium pratense</em> L.) Extract to Relieve Hot Flushes and Menopausal Symptoms in Peri- and Post-Menopausal Women: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled TrialsWiesław Kanadys0Agnieszka Barańska1Agata Błaszczuk2Małgorzata Polz-Dacewicz3Bartłomiej Drop4Krzysztof Kanecki5Maria Malm6Department of Informatics and Medical Statistics, Medical University of Lublin, 20-090 Lublin, PolandDepartment of Informatics and Medical Statistics, Medical University of Lublin, 20-090 Lublin, PolandDepartment of Virology with SARS Laboratory, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, PolandDepartment of Virology with SARS Laboratory, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, PolandDepartment of Informatics and Medical Statistics, Medical University of Lublin, 20-090 Lublin, PolandDepartment of Social Medicine and Public Health, Warsaw Medical University, 02-007 Warsaw, PolandDepartment of Informatics and Medical Statistics, Medical University of Lublin, 20-090 Lublin, PolandThe meta-analysis presented in this article covered the efficacy of red clover isoflavones in relieving hot flushes and menopausal symptoms in perimenopausal and postmenopausal women. Studies were identified by MEDLINE (PubMed), Embase, and the Cochrane Library searches. The quality of the studies was evaluated according to Cochrane criteria. A meta-analysis of eight trials (ten comparisons) demonstrated a statistically significant reduction in the daily incidence of hot flushes in women receiving red clover compared to those receiving placebo: weighted mean difference (WMD—weighted mean difference) −1.73 hot flushes per day, 95% CI (confidence interval) −3.28 to −0.18; <i>p</i> = 0.0292. Due to 87.34% heterogeneity, the performed analysis showed substantive difference in comparisons of postmenopausal women with ≥5 hot flushes per day, when the follow-up period was 12 weeks, with an isoflavone dose of ≥80 mg/day, and when the formulations contained a higher proportion of biochanin A. The meta-analysis of included studies assessing the effect of red clover isoflavone extract on menopausal symptoms showed a statistically moderate relationship with the reduction in the daily frequency of hot flushes. However, further well-designed studies are required to confirm the present findings and to finally determine the effects of red clover on the relief of flushing episodes.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/13/4/1258red cloverisoflavonesTrifolium pratensehot flushesmenopausal symptomspostmenopausal women |
| spellingShingle | Wiesław Kanadys Agnieszka Barańska Agata Błaszczuk Małgorzata Polz-Dacewicz Bartłomiej Drop Krzysztof Kanecki Maria Malm Evaluation of Clinical Meaningfulness of Red Clover (<em>Trifolium pratense</em> L.) Extract to Relieve Hot Flushes and Menopausal Symptoms in Peri- and Post-Menopausal Women: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials Nutrients red clover isoflavones Trifolium pratense hot flushes menopausal symptoms postmenopausal women |
| title | Evaluation of Clinical Meaningfulness of Red Clover (<em>Trifolium pratense</em> L.) Extract to Relieve Hot Flushes and Menopausal Symptoms in Peri- and Post-Menopausal Women: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials |
| title_full | Evaluation of Clinical Meaningfulness of Red Clover (<em>Trifolium pratense</em> L.) Extract to Relieve Hot Flushes and Menopausal Symptoms in Peri- and Post-Menopausal Women: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials |
| title_fullStr | Evaluation of Clinical Meaningfulness of Red Clover (<em>Trifolium pratense</em> L.) Extract to Relieve Hot Flushes and Menopausal Symptoms in Peri- and Post-Menopausal Women: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials |
| title_full_unstemmed | Evaluation of Clinical Meaningfulness of Red Clover (<em>Trifolium pratense</em> L.) Extract to Relieve Hot Flushes and Menopausal Symptoms in Peri- and Post-Menopausal Women: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials |
| title_short | Evaluation of Clinical Meaningfulness of Red Clover (<em>Trifolium pratense</em> L.) Extract to Relieve Hot Flushes and Menopausal Symptoms in Peri- and Post-Menopausal Women: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials |
| title_sort | evaluation of clinical meaningfulness of red clover em trifolium pratense em l extract to relieve hot flushes and menopausal symptoms in peri and post menopausal women a systematic review and meta analysis of randomized controlled trials |
| topic | red clover isoflavones Trifolium pratense hot flushes menopausal symptoms postmenopausal women |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/13/4/1258 |
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