Immunopathogenesis in Trypanosoma cruzi infection: a role for suppressed macrophages and apoptotic cells
During Trypanosoma cruzi infection, macrophages phagocytose parasites and remove apoptotic cells through efferocytosis. While macrophage 1 (M1) produces proinflammatory cytokines and NO and fights infection, M2 macrophages are permissive host cells that express arginase 1 and play a role in tissue r...
| Main Authors: | , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2023-08-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Immunology |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2023.1244071/full |
| _version_ | 1797741380351557632 |
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| author | Natália S. Vellozo Thayane C. Matos-Silva Marcela F. Lopes |
| author_facet | Natália S. Vellozo Thayane C. Matos-Silva Marcela F. Lopes |
| author_sort | Natália S. Vellozo |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | During Trypanosoma cruzi infection, macrophages phagocytose parasites and remove apoptotic cells through efferocytosis. While macrophage 1 (M1) produces proinflammatory cytokines and NO and fights infection, M2 macrophages are permissive host cells that express arginase 1 and play a role in tissue repair. The regulation of M1 and M2 phenotypes might either induce or impair macrophage-mediated immunity towards parasite control or persistence in chronic Chagas disease. Here, we highlight a key role of macrophage activation in early immune responses to T. cruzi that prevent escalating parasitemia, heart parasitism, and mortality during acute infection. We will discuss the mechanisms of macrophage activation and deactivation, such as T cell cytokines and efferocytosis, and how to improve macrophage-mediated immunity to prevent parasite persistence, inflammation, and the development of chagasic cardiomyopathy. Potential vaccines or therapy must enhance early T cell-macrophage crosstalk and parasite control to restrain the pathogenic outcomes of parasite-induced inflammation in the heart. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-12T14:25:56Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-0777bdd139554367ad36dc0d7f3d4e09 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1664-3224 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-12T14:25:56Z |
| publishDate | 2023-08-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Immunology |
| spelling | doaj.art-0777bdd139554367ad36dc0d7f3d4e092023-08-18T05:49:41ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Immunology1664-32242023-08-011410.3389/fimmu.2023.12440711244071Immunopathogenesis in Trypanosoma cruzi infection: a role for suppressed macrophages and apoptotic cellsNatália S. VellozoThayane C. Matos-SilvaMarcela F. LopesDuring Trypanosoma cruzi infection, macrophages phagocytose parasites and remove apoptotic cells through efferocytosis. While macrophage 1 (M1) produces proinflammatory cytokines and NO and fights infection, M2 macrophages are permissive host cells that express arginase 1 and play a role in tissue repair. The regulation of M1 and M2 phenotypes might either induce or impair macrophage-mediated immunity towards parasite control or persistence in chronic Chagas disease. Here, we highlight a key role of macrophage activation in early immune responses to T. cruzi that prevent escalating parasitemia, heart parasitism, and mortality during acute infection. We will discuss the mechanisms of macrophage activation and deactivation, such as T cell cytokines and efferocytosis, and how to improve macrophage-mediated immunity to prevent parasite persistence, inflammation, and the development of chagasic cardiomyopathy. Potential vaccines or therapy must enhance early T cell-macrophage crosstalk and parasite control to restrain the pathogenic outcomes of parasite-induced inflammation in the heart.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2023.1244071/fullapoptosisChagas diseaseefferocytosisfibrosisheart pathologyinflammation |
| spellingShingle | Natália S. Vellozo Thayane C. Matos-Silva Marcela F. Lopes Immunopathogenesis in Trypanosoma cruzi infection: a role for suppressed macrophages and apoptotic cells Frontiers in Immunology apoptosis Chagas disease efferocytosis fibrosis heart pathology inflammation |
| title | Immunopathogenesis in Trypanosoma cruzi infection: a role for suppressed macrophages and apoptotic cells |
| title_full | Immunopathogenesis in Trypanosoma cruzi infection: a role for suppressed macrophages and apoptotic cells |
| title_fullStr | Immunopathogenesis in Trypanosoma cruzi infection: a role for suppressed macrophages and apoptotic cells |
| title_full_unstemmed | Immunopathogenesis in Trypanosoma cruzi infection: a role for suppressed macrophages and apoptotic cells |
| title_short | Immunopathogenesis in Trypanosoma cruzi infection: a role for suppressed macrophages and apoptotic cells |
| title_sort | immunopathogenesis in trypanosoma cruzi infection a role for suppressed macrophages and apoptotic cells |
| topic | apoptosis Chagas disease efferocytosis fibrosis heart pathology inflammation |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2023.1244071/full |
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