Additive effects of physical exercise and environmental enrichment on adult hippocampal neurogenesis in mice
Voluntary physical exercise (wheel running, RUN) and environmental enrichment (ENR) both stimulate adult hippocampal neurogenesis but do so by different mechanisms. RUN induces precursor cell proliferation, whereas ENR exerts a survival-promoting effect on newborn cells. In addition, continued RUN p...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2009-11-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Neuroscience |
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| Online Access: | http://journal.frontiersin.org/Journal/10.3389/neuro.22.002.2009/full |
| _version_ | 1818960583971569664 |
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| author | Klaus Fabel Klaus Fabel Klaus Fabel Susanne Wolf Susanne Wolf Susanne Wolf Dan Ehninger Dan Ehninger Harish Babu Harish Babu Perla Galicia Gerd Kempermann Gerd Kempermann Gerd Kempermann |
| author_facet | Klaus Fabel Klaus Fabel Klaus Fabel Susanne Wolf Susanne Wolf Susanne Wolf Dan Ehninger Dan Ehninger Harish Babu Harish Babu Perla Galicia Gerd Kempermann Gerd Kempermann Gerd Kempermann |
| author_sort | Klaus Fabel |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Voluntary physical exercise (wheel running, RUN) and environmental enrichment (ENR) both stimulate adult hippocampal neurogenesis but do so by different mechanisms. RUN induces precursor cell proliferation, whereas ENR exerts a survival-promoting effect on newborn cells. In addition, continued RUN prevented the physiologically occurring age-related decline in precursor cell in the dentate gyrus but did not lead to a corresponding increase in net neurogenesis. We hypothesized that in the absence of appropriate cognitive stimuli the potential for neurogenesis could not be realized but that an increased potential by proliferating precursor cells due to RUN could actually lead to more adult neurogenesis if an appropriate survival-promoting stimulus follows the exercise. We thus asked whether a sequential combination of RUN and ENR (RUNENR) would show additive effects that are distinct from the application of either paradigm alone. We found that the effects of 10 days of RUN followed by 35 days of ENR were additive in that the combined stimulation yielded an approximately 30% greater increase in new neurons than either stimulus alone, which also increased neurogenesis. Surprisingly, this result indicates that although overall the amount of proliferating cells in the dentate gyrus is poorly predictive of net adult neurogenesis, an increased neurogenic potential nevertheless provides the basis for a greater efficiency of the same survival-promoting stimulus. We thus propose that physical activity can “prime” the neurogenic region of the dentate gyrus for increased neurogenesis in the case the animal is exposed to an additional cognitive stimulus, here represented by the enrichment paradigm. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-20T11:59:51Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-077c8059115c4114852d406df0a4ef50 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1662-453X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-20T11:59:51Z |
| publishDate | 2009-11-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Neuroscience |
| spelling | doaj.art-077c8059115c4114852d406df0a4ef502022-12-21T19:41:34ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Neuroscience1662-453X2009-11-01310.3389/neuro.22.002.2009994Additive effects of physical exercise and environmental enrichment on adult hippocampal neurogenesis in miceKlaus Fabel0Klaus Fabel1Klaus Fabel2Susanne Wolf3Susanne Wolf4Susanne Wolf5Dan Ehninger6Dan Ehninger7Harish Babu8Harish Babu9Perla Galicia10Gerd Kempermann11Gerd Kempermann12Gerd Kempermann13Charité University Medicine BerlinCRTD-DFG Research Center for Regenerative Therapies, DresdenMax Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine Berlin-BuchCharité University Medicine BerlinMax Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine Berlin-BuchUniversity of ZurichCharité University Medicine BerlinMax Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine Berlin-BuchCharité University Medicine BerlinMax Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine Berlin-BuchCRTD-DFG Research Center for Regenerative Therapies, DresdenCharité University Medicine BerlinCRTD-DFG Research Center for Regenerative Therapies, DresdenMax Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine Berlin-BuchVoluntary physical exercise (wheel running, RUN) and environmental enrichment (ENR) both stimulate adult hippocampal neurogenesis but do so by different mechanisms. RUN induces precursor cell proliferation, whereas ENR exerts a survival-promoting effect on newborn cells. In addition, continued RUN prevented the physiologically occurring age-related decline in precursor cell in the dentate gyrus but did not lead to a corresponding increase in net neurogenesis. We hypothesized that in the absence of appropriate cognitive stimuli the potential for neurogenesis could not be realized but that an increased potential by proliferating precursor cells due to RUN could actually lead to more adult neurogenesis if an appropriate survival-promoting stimulus follows the exercise. We thus asked whether a sequential combination of RUN and ENR (RUNENR) would show additive effects that are distinct from the application of either paradigm alone. We found that the effects of 10 days of RUN followed by 35 days of ENR were additive in that the combined stimulation yielded an approximately 30% greater increase in new neurons than either stimulus alone, which also increased neurogenesis. Surprisingly, this result indicates that although overall the amount of proliferating cells in the dentate gyrus is poorly predictive of net adult neurogenesis, an increased neurogenic potential nevertheless provides the basis for a greater efficiency of the same survival-promoting stimulus. We thus propose that physical activity can “prime” the neurogenic region of the dentate gyrus for increased neurogenesis in the case the animal is exposed to an additional cognitive stimulus, here represented by the enrichment paradigm.http://journal.frontiersin.org/Journal/10.3389/neuro.22.002.2009/fullHippocampusLearningprecursor cellreserve |
| spellingShingle | Klaus Fabel Klaus Fabel Klaus Fabel Susanne Wolf Susanne Wolf Susanne Wolf Dan Ehninger Dan Ehninger Harish Babu Harish Babu Perla Galicia Gerd Kempermann Gerd Kempermann Gerd Kempermann Additive effects of physical exercise and environmental enrichment on adult hippocampal neurogenesis in mice Frontiers in Neuroscience Hippocampus Learning precursor cell reserve |
| title | Additive effects of physical exercise and environmental enrichment on adult hippocampal neurogenesis in mice |
| title_full | Additive effects of physical exercise and environmental enrichment on adult hippocampal neurogenesis in mice |
| title_fullStr | Additive effects of physical exercise and environmental enrichment on adult hippocampal neurogenesis in mice |
| title_full_unstemmed | Additive effects of physical exercise and environmental enrichment on adult hippocampal neurogenesis in mice |
| title_short | Additive effects of physical exercise and environmental enrichment on adult hippocampal neurogenesis in mice |
| title_sort | additive effects of physical exercise and environmental enrichment on adult hippocampal neurogenesis in mice |
| topic | Hippocampus Learning precursor cell reserve |
| url | http://journal.frontiersin.org/Journal/10.3389/neuro.22.002.2009/full |
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