Antibacterial and Wound-Healing Activities of Statistically Optimized Nitrofurazone- and Lidocaine-Loaded Silica Microspheres by the Box–Behnken Design
In the current study, nitrofurazone- (NFZ) and lidocaine-loaded (LD) silica microspheres were fabricated to address pathological indications of skin infections. The microspheres were prepared by the sol–gel method applying the Box–Behnken design and evaluated for size distribution, morphology, zeta...
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MDPI AG
2022-04-01
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| Series: | Molecules |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/27/8/2532 |
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| author | Hafeez Ullah Khan Fahmeed Nasir Safirah Maheen Syed Salman Shafqat Shahid Shah Ahmed Khames Mohammed M. Ghoneim Ghulam Abbas Saleha Shabbir Mohamed A. Abdelgawad Mohammad A. S. Abourehab Amna Irfan Amani M. El Sisi |
| author_facet | Hafeez Ullah Khan Fahmeed Nasir Safirah Maheen Syed Salman Shafqat Shahid Shah Ahmed Khames Mohammed M. Ghoneim Ghulam Abbas Saleha Shabbir Mohamed A. Abdelgawad Mohammad A. S. Abourehab Amna Irfan Amani M. El Sisi |
| author_sort | Hafeez Ullah Khan |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | In the current study, nitrofurazone- (NFZ) and lidocaine-loaded (LD) silica microspheres were fabricated to address pathological indications of skin infections. The microspheres were prepared by the sol–gel method applying the Box–Behnken design and evaluated for size distribution, morphology, zeta potential, physico-chemical compatibility, XRD, thermogravimetric analysis, antibacterial and cytotoxicity activities. The comparative in vitro drug release study of microspheres revealed a 30% release of NFZ and 33% of LD after 8 h. The microspheres showed 81% percentage yield (PY) and 71.9% entrapment efficiency. XRD patterns confirmed the entrapment of NFZ–LD in silica microspheres with a significant reduction in crystallinity of the drugs. Thermal and FTIR studies proved the absence of any profound interactions of the formulation ingredients. The smooth spherical microspheres had a −28 mV zeta potential and a 10–100 µm size distribution. In vitro antibacterial activities of the NFZ–LD microspheres showed an increased zone of inhibition compared to pure drug suspensions. The in vivo efficacy tested on rabbits showed a comparatively rapid wound healing with complete lack of skin irritation impact. The cytotoxicity studies revealed more acceptability of silica microspheres with negligible harm to cells. The study suggests that the NFZ- and LD-loaded silica microspheres would be an ideal system for accelerating and promoting rapid healing of various acute and chronic wounds. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T04:21:34Z |
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| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1420-3049 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T04:21:34Z |
| publishDate | 2022-04-01 |
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| record_format | Article |
| series | Molecules |
| spelling | doaj.art-077fc6f7eb4f4e439f2774f7219b67f02023-12-03T13:46:46ZengMDPI AGMolecules1420-30492022-04-01278253210.3390/molecules27082532Antibacterial and Wound-Healing Activities of Statistically Optimized Nitrofurazone- and Lidocaine-Loaded Silica Microspheres by the Box–Behnken DesignHafeez Ullah Khan0Fahmeed Nasir1Safirah Maheen2Syed Salman Shafqat3Shahid Shah4Ahmed Khames5Mohammed M. Ghoneim6Ghulam Abbas7Saleha Shabbir8Mohamed A. Abdelgawad9Mohammad A. S. Abourehab10Amna Irfan11Amani M. El Sisi12Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Sargodha, Sargodha 40100, PakistanDepartment of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Sargodha, Sargodha 40100, PakistanDepartment of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Sargodha, Sargodha 40100, PakistanDepartment of Chemistry, University of Education, Lahore 54000, PakistanDepartment of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, PakistanDepartment of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, Taif 21944, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, AlMaarefa University, Ad Diriyah 13713, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, PakistanDepartment of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Sargodha, Sargodha 40100, PakistanDepartment of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka 72341, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Sargodha, Sargodha 40100, PakistanDepartment of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62514, EgyptIn the current study, nitrofurazone- (NFZ) and lidocaine-loaded (LD) silica microspheres were fabricated to address pathological indications of skin infections. The microspheres were prepared by the sol–gel method applying the Box–Behnken design and evaluated for size distribution, morphology, zeta potential, physico-chemical compatibility, XRD, thermogravimetric analysis, antibacterial and cytotoxicity activities. The comparative in vitro drug release study of microspheres revealed a 30% release of NFZ and 33% of LD after 8 h. The microspheres showed 81% percentage yield (PY) and 71.9% entrapment efficiency. XRD patterns confirmed the entrapment of NFZ–LD in silica microspheres with a significant reduction in crystallinity of the drugs. Thermal and FTIR studies proved the absence of any profound interactions of the formulation ingredients. The smooth spherical microspheres had a −28 mV zeta potential and a 10–100 µm size distribution. In vitro antibacterial activities of the NFZ–LD microspheres showed an increased zone of inhibition compared to pure drug suspensions. The in vivo efficacy tested on rabbits showed a comparatively rapid wound healing with complete lack of skin irritation impact. The cytotoxicity studies revealed more acceptability of silica microspheres with negligible harm to cells. The study suggests that the NFZ- and LD-loaded silica microspheres would be an ideal system for accelerating and promoting rapid healing of various acute and chronic wounds.https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/27/8/2532antibacterial therapeuticsBox–Behnken designlidocainenitrofurazonesilica microspheres |
| spellingShingle | Hafeez Ullah Khan Fahmeed Nasir Safirah Maheen Syed Salman Shafqat Shahid Shah Ahmed Khames Mohammed M. Ghoneim Ghulam Abbas Saleha Shabbir Mohamed A. Abdelgawad Mohammad A. S. Abourehab Amna Irfan Amani M. El Sisi Antibacterial and Wound-Healing Activities of Statistically Optimized Nitrofurazone- and Lidocaine-Loaded Silica Microspheres by the Box–Behnken Design Molecules antibacterial therapeutics Box–Behnken design lidocaine nitrofurazone silica microspheres |
| title | Antibacterial and Wound-Healing Activities of Statistically Optimized Nitrofurazone- and Lidocaine-Loaded Silica Microspheres by the Box–Behnken Design |
| title_full | Antibacterial and Wound-Healing Activities of Statistically Optimized Nitrofurazone- and Lidocaine-Loaded Silica Microspheres by the Box–Behnken Design |
| title_fullStr | Antibacterial and Wound-Healing Activities of Statistically Optimized Nitrofurazone- and Lidocaine-Loaded Silica Microspheres by the Box–Behnken Design |
| title_full_unstemmed | Antibacterial and Wound-Healing Activities of Statistically Optimized Nitrofurazone- and Lidocaine-Loaded Silica Microspheres by the Box–Behnken Design |
| title_short | Antibacterial and Wound-Healing Activities of Statistically Optimized Nitrofurazone- and Lidocaine-Loaded Silica Microspheres by the Box–Behnken Design |
| title_sort | antibacterial and wound healing activities of statistically optimized nitrofurazone and lidocaine loaded silica microspheres by the box behnken design |
| topic | antibacterial therapeutics Box–Behnken design lidocaine nitrofurazone silica microspheres |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/27/8/2532 |
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