Efficacy of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Upper Tract Urothelial Carcinomas: Current Knowledge and Future Directions
Upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC) represents a rare and aggressive malignancy arising from the renal pelvis or ureter. It can develop sporadically or have a hereditary origin, such as Lynch syndrome, caused by DNA mismatch repair deficiency, leading to microsatellite instability phenotype. Acc...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2021-08-01
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| Series: | Cancers |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6694/13/17/4341 |
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| author | Jonathan Thouvenin Nieves Martínez Chanzá Omar Alhalabi Hervé Lang Nizar M. Tannir Philippe Barthélémy Gabriel G. Malouf |
| author_facet | Jonathan Thouvenin Nieves Martínez Chanzá Omar Alhalabi Hervé Lang Nizar M. Tannir Philippe Barthélémy Gabriel G. Malouf |
| author_sort | Jonathan Thouvenin |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC) represents a rare and aggressive malignancy arising from the renal pelvis or ureter. It can develop sporadically or have a hereditary origin, such as Lynch syndrome, caused by DNA mismatch repair deficiency, leading to microsatellite instability phenotype. According to molecular characterization studies, UTUC presents different mutational profiles as compared to urinary bladder urothelial carcinomas. In particular, it has been reported that UTUC harbored a higher level of <i>FGFR3</i> alterations associated with a T-cell depleted immune microenvironment. The therapeutic landscape in urothelial carcinoma is rapidly evolving, with immune checkpoint inhibitors forming part of the standard of care. A greater understanding of the molecular alterations and immune microenvironment leads to the development of new treatment combinations and targeted therapy. This review summarizes the available evidence concerning the use of immune checkpoint inhibitors and the biological rationale underlying their use in high-grade UTUC. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T08:14:16Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-07814fe506384ff998278e87dd8c6051 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2072-6694 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T08:14:16Z |
| publishDate | 2021-08-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Cancers |
| spelling | doaj.art-07814fe506384ff998278e87dd8c60512023-11-22T10:25:56ZengMDPI AGCancers2072-66942021-08-011317434110.3390/cancers13174341Efficacy of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Upper Tract Urothelial Carcinomas: Current Knowledge and Future DirectionsJonathan Thouvenin0Nieves Martínez Chanzá1Omar Alhalabi2Hervé Lang3Nizar M. Tannir4Philippe Barthélémy5Gabriel G. Malouf6Oncology Department, Institut de Cancérologie Strasbourg (ICANS), 67200 Strasbourg, FranceOncology Department, Institut Jules Bordet, 1000 Bruxelles, BelgiumGenitourinary Medical Oncology Department, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center (MDACC), Houston, TX 77030, USAUrology Department, Strasbourg University Hospital, Nouvel Hôpital Civil, 67000 Strasbourg, FranceGenitourinary Medical Oncology Department, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center (MDACC), Houston, TX 77030, USAOncology Department, Institut de Cancérologie Strasbourg (ICANS), 67200 Strasbourg, FranceOncology Department, Institut de Cancérologie Strasbourg (ICANS), 67200 Strasbourg, FranceUpper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC) represents a rare and aggressive malignancy arising from the renal pelvis or ureter. It can develop sporadically or have a hereditary origin, such as Lynch syndrome, caused by DNA mismatch repair deficiency, leading to microsatellite instability phenotype. According to molecular characterization studies, UTUC presents different mutational profiles as compared to urinary bladder urothelial carcinomas. In particular, it has been reported that UTUC harbored a higher level of <i>FGFR3</i> alterations associated with a T-cell depleted immune microenvironment. The therapeutic landscape in urothelial carcinoma is rapidly evolving, with immune checkpoint inhibitors forming part of the standard of care. A greater understanding of the molecular alterations and immune microenvironment leads to the development of new treatment combinations and targeted therapy. This review summarizes the available evidence concerning the use of immune checkpoint inhibitors and the biological rationale underlying their use in high-grade UTUC.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6694/13/17/4341immune checkpoint inhibitorsimmunotherapyupper tract urothelial carcinomaUTUCgeneticepigenetic |
| spellingShingle | Jonathan Thouvenin Nieves Martínez Chanzá Omar Alhalabi Hervé Lang Nizar M. Tannir Philippe Barthélémy Gabriel G. Malouf Efficacy of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Upper Tract Urothelial Carcinomas: Current Knowledge and Future Directions Cancers immune checkpoint inhibitors immunotherapy upper tract urothelial carcinoma UTUC genetic epigenetic |
| title | Efficacy of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Upper Tract Urothelial Carcinomas: Current Knowledge and Future Directions |
| title_full | Efficacy of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Upper Tract Urothelial Carcinomas: Current Knowledge and Future Directions |
| title_fullStr | Efficacy of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Upper Tract Urothelial Carcinomas: Current Knowledge and Future Directions |
| title_full_unstemmed | Efficacy of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Upper Tract Urothelial Carcinomas: Current Knowledge and Future Directions |
| title_short | Efficacy of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Upper Tract Urothelial Carcinomas: Current Knowledge and Future Directions |
| title_sort | efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors in upper tract urothelial carcinomas current knowledge and future directions |
| topic | immune checkpoint inhibitors immunotherapy upper tract urothelial carcinoma UTUC genetic epigenetic |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6694/13/17/4341 |
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