Where does fear originate in the brain? A coordinate-based meta-analysis of explicit and implicit fear processing
Processing of fear is of crucial importance for human survival and it can generally occur at explicit and implicit conditions. It is worth noting that explicit and implicit fear processing produces different behavioral and neurophysiological outcomes. The present study capitalizes on the Activation...
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Elsevier
2021-02-01
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| Series: | NeuroImage |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S105381192031171X |
| _version_ | 1818677400129503232 |
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| author | Di Tao Zonglin He Yuchen Lin Chang Liu Qian Tao |
| author_facet | Di Tao Zonglin He Yuchen Lin Chang Liu Qian Tao |
| author_sort | Di Tao |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Processing of fear is of crucial importance for human survival and it can generally occur at explicit and implicit conditions. It is worth noting that explicit and implicit fear processing produces different behavioral and neurophysiological outcomes. The present study capitalizes on the Activation Likelihood Estimation (ALE) method of meta-analysis to identify: (a) the “core” network of fear processing in healthy individuals; (b) common and specific neural activations associated with explicit and implicit processing of fear. Following PRISMA guidelines, a total of 92 fMRI and PET studies were included in the meta-analysis. The overall analysis show that the core fear network comprises the amygdala, pulvinar, and fronto-occipital regions. Both implicit and explicit fear processing activated amygdala, declive, fusiform gyrus, and middle frontal gyrus, suggesting that these two types of fear processing share a common neural substrate. Explicit fear processing elicited more activations at the pulvinar and parahippocampal gyrus, suggesting visual attention/orientation and contextual association play important roles during explicit fear processing. In contrast, implicit fear processing elicited more activations at the cerebellum-amygdala-cortical pathway, indicating an ‘alarm’ system underlying implicit fear processing. These findings have shed light on the neural mechanism underlying fear processing at different levels of awareness. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-17T08:58:46Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-07890c5e0bf34a24b31dd8c460b99119 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1095-9572 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-17T08:58:46Z |
| publishDate | 2021-02-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | NeuroImage |
| spelling | doaj.art-07890c5e0bf34a24b31dd8c460b991192022-12-21T21:55:52ZengElsevierNeuroImage1095-95722021-02-01227117686Where does fear originate in the brain? A coordinate-based meta-analysis of explicit and implicit fear processingDi Tao0Zonglin He1Yuchen Lin2Chang Liu3Qian Tao4International School, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, ChinaInternational School, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, ChinaInternational School, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, ChinaInternational School, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, ChinaDepartment of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Basic Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; Division of Medical Psychology and Behavior Science, School of Basic Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Guangdong–Hong Kong–Macao Greater Bay Area, Guangzhou 510515, China; Corresponding author at: Division of Medical Psychology and Behavior Science, School of Basic Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, ChinaProcessing of fear is of crucial importance for human survival and it can generally occur at explicit and implicit conditions. It is worth noting that explicit and implicit fear processing produces different behavioral and neurophysiological outcomes. The present study capitalizes on the Activation Likelihood Estimation (ALE) method of meta-analysis to identify: (a) the “core” network of fear processing in healthy individuals; (b) common and specific neural activations associated with explicit and implicit processing of fear. Following PRISMA guidelines, a total of 92 fMRI and PET studies were included in the meta-analysis. The overall analysis show that the core fear network comprises the amygdala, pulvinar, and fronto-occipital regions. Both implicit and explicit fear processing activated amygdala, declive, fusiform gyrus, and middle frontal gyrus, suggesting that these two types of fear processing share a common neural substrate. Explicit fear processing elicited more activations at the pulvinar and parahippocampal gyrus, suggesting visual attention/orientation and contextual association play important roles during explicit fear processing. In contrast, implicit fear processing elicited more activations at the cerebellum-amygdala-cortical pathway, indicating an ‘alarm’ system underlying implicit fear processing. These findings have shed light on the neural mechanism underlying fear processing at different levels of awareness.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S105381192031171XFearExplicitImplicitActivation likelihood estimation |
| spellingShingle | Di Tao Zonglin He Yuchen Lin Chang Liu Qian Tao Where does fear originate in the brain? A coordinate-based meta-analysis of explicit and implicit fear processing NeuroImage Fear Explicit Implicit Activation likelihood estimation |
| title | Where does fear originate in the brain? A coordinate-based meta-analysis of explicit and implicit fear processing |
| title_full | Where does fear originate in the brain? A coordinate-based meta-analysis of explicit and implicit fear processing |
| title_fullStr | Where does fear originate in the brain? A coordinate-based meta-analysis of explicit and implicit fear processing |
| title_full_unstemmed | Where does fear originate in the brain? A coordinate-based meta-analysis of explicit and implicit fear processing |
| title_short | Where does fear originate in the brain? A coordinate-based meta-analysis of explicit and implicit fear processing |
| title_sort | where does fear originate in the brain a coordinate based meta analysis of explicit and implicit fear processing |
| topic | Fear Explicit Implicit Activation likelihood estimation |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S105381192031171X |
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