Serological and molecular detection of bovine leukemia virus in cattle in Iraq
Bovine leukemia virus (BLV) is highly endemic in many countries, including Iraq, and it impacts the beef and dairy industries. The current study sought to determine the percentage of BLV infection and persistent lymphocytosis (PL) in cattle in central Iraq. Hematological, serological, and molecular...
| Main Authors: | , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Taylor & Francis Group
2016-01-01
|
| Series: | Emerging Microbes and Infections |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1038/emi.2016.60 |
| _version_ | 1797679133680992256 |
|---|---|
| author | Yahia Ismail Khudhair Saleem Amin Hasso Nahi Y Yaseen Ahmed Majeed Al-Shammari |
| author_facet | Yahia Ismail Khudhair Saleem Amin Hasso Nahi Y Yaseen Ahmed Majeed Al-Shammari |
| author_sort | Yahia Ismail Khudhair |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Bovine leukemia virus (BLV) is highly endemic in many countries, including Iraq, and it impacts the beef and dairy industries. The current study sought to determine the percentage of BLV infection and persistent lymphocytosis (PL) in cattle in central Iraq. Hematological, serological, and molecular observations in cross breeds and local breeds of Iraqi cattle naturally infected with BLV were conducted in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells of 400 cattle (340 cross breed and 60 local breed) using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). On the basis of the absolute number of lymphocytes, five of the 31 positive PCR cases had PL. Among these leukemic cattle, one case exhibited overt neutrophilia. Serum samples were used to detect BLV antibodies, which were observed in 28 (7%) samples. PCR detected BLV provirus in 31 samples (7.75%). All 28 of the seropositive samples and the 3 seronegative samples were positive using PCR. Associations were observed between bovine leukosis and cattle breed, age and sex. Age-specific analysis showed that the BLV percentage increased with age in both breeds. Female cattle (29 animals; 7.34%) exhibited significantly higher infectivity than male cattle (two animals; 4.34%). In conclusion, comprehensive screening for all affected animals is needed in Iraq; programs that segregate cattle can be an effective and important method to control and/or eliminate the BLV.Emerging Microbes and Infections (2016) 5, e56; doi:10.1038/emi.2016.60; published online 8 June 2016 |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T23:09:02Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-0790257f1d99441ea09377f72d6a9d83 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2222-1751 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T23:09:02Z |
| publishDate | 2016-01-01 |
| publisher | Taylor & Francis Group |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Emerging Microbes and Infections |
| spelling | doaj.art-0790257f1d99441ea09377f72d6a9d832023-09-21T12:27:55ZengTaylor & Francis GroupEmerging Microbes and Infections2222-17512016-01-01511610.1038/emi.2016.60Serological and molecular detection of bovine leukemia virus in cattle in IraqYahia Ismail Khudhair0Saleem Amin Hasso1Nahi Y Yaseen2Ahmed Majeed Al-Shammari3Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Al-University of Qadisiyah, Al Diwaniyah 58002, IraqDepartment of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Baghdad, Baghdad 10001, IraqExperimental Therapy Department, Iraqi Center for Cancer and Medical Genetic Research, Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad 10001, IraqExperimental Therapy Department, Iraqi Center for Cancer and Medical Genetic Research, Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad 10001, IraqBovine leukemia virus (BLV) is highly endemic in many countries, including Iraq, and it impacts the beef and dairy industries. The current study sought to determine the percentage of BLV infection and persistent lymphocytosis (PL) in cattle in central Iraq. Hematological, serological, and molecular observations in cross breeds and local breeds of Iraqi cattle naturally infected with BLV were conducted in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells of 400 cattle (340 cross breed and 60 local breed) using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). On the basis of the absolute number of lymphocytes, five of the 31 positive PCR cases had PL. Among these leukemic cattle, one case exhibited overt neutrophilia. Serum samples were used to detect BLV antibodies, which were observed in 28 (7%) samples. PCR detected BLV provirus in 31 samples (7.75%). All 28 of the seropositive samples and the 3 seronegative samples were positive using PCR. Associations were observed between bovine leukosis and cattle breed, age and sex. Age-specific analysis showed that the BLV percentage increased with age in both breeds. Female cattle (29 animals; 7.34%) exhibited significantly higher infectivity than male cattle (two animals; 4.34%). In conclusion, comprehensive screening for all affected animals is needed in Iraq; programs that segregate cattle can be an effective and important method to control and/or eliminate the BLV.Emerging Microbes and Infections (2016) 5, e56; doi:10.1038/emi.2016.60; published online 8 June 2016https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1038/emi.2016.60enzootic bovine leucosisIraqpersistent lymphocytosis |
| spellingShingle | Yahia Ismail Khudhair Saleem Amin Hasso Nahi Y Yaseen Ahmed Majeed Al-Shammari Serological and molecular detection of bovine leukemia virus in cattle in Iraq Emerging Microbes and Infections enzootic bovine leucosis Iraq persistent lymphocytosis |
| title | Serological and molecular detection of bovine leukemia virus in cattle in Iraq |
| title_full | Serological and molecular detection of bovine leukemia virus in cattle in Iraq |
| title_fullStr | Serological and molecular detection of bovine leukemia virus in cattle in Iraq |
| title_full_unstemmed | Serological and molecular detection of bovine leukemia virus in cattle in Iraq |
| title_short | Serological and molecular detection of bovine leukemia virus in cattle in Iraq |
| title_sort | serological and molecular detection of bovine leukemia virus in cattle in iraq |
| topic | enzootic bovine leucosis Iraq persistent lymphocytosis |
| url | https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1038/emi.2016.60 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT yahiaismailkhudhair serologicalandmoleculardetectionofbovineleukemiavirusincattleiniraq AT saleemaminhasso serologicalandmoleculardetectionofbovineleukemiavirusincattleiniraq AT nahiyyaseen serologicalandmoleculardetectionofbovineleukemiavirusincattleiniraq AT ahmedmajeedalshammari serologicalandmoleculardetectionofbovineleukemiavirusincattleiniraq |