The effects of Avemar treatment on feline immunodeficiency virus infected cell cultures
Abstract Introduction In addition to standard highly active antiretroviral therapy protocols, complementary therapies using natural compounds are widely used by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)‐infected human patients. One such compound is the fermented wheat germ extract (FWGE), named Avemar. Mat...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Wiley
2023-07-01
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| Series: | Veterinary Medicine and Science |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1002/vms3.1141 |
| _version_ | 1797776561280122880 |
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| author | Katalin Réka Tarcsai Máté Hidvégi Oliga Corolciuc Károly Nagy Anna Anoir Abbas Dharam V. Ablashi Valéria Kövesdi József Ongrádi |
| author_facet | Katalin Réka Tarcsai Máté Hidvégi Oliga Corolciuc Károly Nagy Anna Anoir Abbas Dharam V. Ablashi Valéria Kövesdi József Ongrádi |
| author_sort | Katalin Réka Tarcsai |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Introduction In addition to standard highly active antiretroviral therapy protocols, complementary therapies using natural compounds are widely used by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)‐infected human patients. One such compound is the fermented wheat germ extract (FWGE), named Avemar. Materials and methods In this study, we investigate the effects of Avemar in a feline‐acquired immunodeficiency syndrome model. MBM lymphoid cells were acutely infected by the American feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV)‐Petaluma (FIV‐Pet) and the European FIV Pisa‐M2 strains. FL‐4 lymphoid cells, continuously producing FIV‐Pet, served as a model for chronic infection. Crandell Rees feline kidney (CRFK) cells were infected by either FIV‐Pet or feline adenovirus (FeAdV) as a model for transactivation and opportunistic viral infection. Cell cultures were treated pre‐ and post‐infection with serial dilutions of spray‐dried FWGE (Avemar pulvis, AP), a standardized active ingredient in commercial Avemar products. Residual FIV and FeAdV infectivity was quantified. Results In a concentration‐dependent manner, AP inhibited replication of FIV strains in MBM and CRFK cells by 3–5 log. Low AP concentration prevented FIV‐Pet release from FL‐4 cells. Higher concentrations destroyed virus‐producing cells with cytopathic effects resembling apoptosis. AP strongly inhibited FeAdV production inside CRFK cells but not in HeLa cells. Adenovirus particles are then released via the disintegration of CRFK cells. Discussion This report is the first to describe the antiviral effects of Avemar. Further studies are required to confirm its in vitro and in vivo effects and to investigate the potential for its use as a nutraceutical in FIV‐infected felines or HIV‐infected humans. Conclusion Avemar, as a single nutraceutical, inhibits FIV replication and destroys retrovirus carrier cells. An important conclusion is that prolonged Avemar treatment might reduce the number of retrovirus‐producing cells in the host. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-12T22:51:40Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-079a57c4e0a9468dad0245dfb8fba272 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2053-1095 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-12T22:51:40Z |
| publishDate | 2023-07-01 |
| publisher | Wiley |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Veterinary Medicine and Science |
| spelling | doaj.art-079a57c4e0a9468dad0245dfb8fba2722023-07-20T08:09:46ZengWileyVeterinary Medicine and Science2053-10952023-07-01941446145510.1002/vms3.1141The effects of Avemar treatment on feline immunodeficiency virus infected cell culturesKatalin Réka Tarcsai0Máté Hidvégi1Oliga Corolciuc2Károly Nagy3Anna Anoir Abbas4Dharam V. Ablashi5Valéria Kövesdi6József Ongrádi7Doctoral School Semmelweis University Budapest HungaryJewish Theological Seminary – University of Jewish Studies (OR‐ZSE) Budapest HungaryDoctoral School Semmelweis University Budapest HungaryMolecular Microbiology Diagnostic Laboratory Eötvös Lóránd University (ELTE) Budapest HungaryDoctoral School Semmelweis University Budapest HungaryHHV‐6 Foundation Santa Barbara California USADepartment of Public Health Semmelweis University Budapest HungaryDepartment of Transfusion Medicine Semmelweis University Budapest HungaryAbstract Introduction In addition to standard highly active antiretroviral therapy protocols, complementary therapies using natural compounds are widely used by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)‐infected human patients. One such compound is the fermented wheat germ extract (FWGE), named Avemar. Materials and methods In this study, we investigate the effects of Avemar in a feline‐acquired immunodeficiency syndrome model. MBM lymphoid cells were acutely infected by the American feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV)‐Petaluma (FIV‐Pet) and the European FIV Pisa‐M2 strains. FL‐4 lymphoid cells, continuously producing FIV‐Pet, served as a model for chronic infection. Crandell Rees feline kidney (CRFK) cells were infected by either FIV‐Pet or feline adenovirus (FeAdV) as a model for transactivation and opportunistic viral infection. Cell cultures were treated pre‐ and post‐infection with serial dilutions of spray‐dried FWGE (Avemar pulvis, AP), a standardized active ingredient in commercial Avemar products. Residual FIV and FeAdV infectivity was quantified. Results In a concentration‐dependent manner, AP inhibited replication of FIV strains in MBM and CRFK cells by 3–5 log. Low AP concentration prevented FIV‐Pet release from FL‐4 cells. Higher concentrations destroyed virus‐producing cells with cytopathic effects resembling apoptosis. AP strongly inhibited FeAdV production inside CRFK cells but not in HeLa cells. Adenovirus particles are then released via the disintegration of CRFK cells. Discussion This report is the first to describe the antiviral effects of Avemar. Further studies are required to confirm its in vitro and in vivo effects and to investigate the potential for its use as a nutraceutical in FIV‐infected felines or HIV‐infected humans. Conclusion Avemar, as a single nutraceutical, inhibits FIV replication and destroys retrovirus carrier cells. An important conclusion is that prolonged Avemar treatment might reduce the number of retrovirus‐producing cells in the host.https://doi.org/10.1002/vms3.1141AIDSAvemar pulvisdestruction of retrovirus carrier cellsfeline adenovirusfeline immunodeficiency virusfermented wheat germ extract |
| spellingShingle | Katalin Réka Tarcsai Máté Hidvégi Oliga Corolciuc Károly Nagy Anna Anoir Abbas Dharam V. Ablashi Valéria Kövesdi József Ongrádi The effects of Avemar treatment on feline immunodeficiency virus infected cell cultures Veterinary Medicine and Science AIDS Avemar pulvis destruction of retrovirus carrier cells feline adenovirus feline immunodeficiency virus fermented wheat germ extract |
| title | The effects of Avemar treatment on feline immunodeficiency virus infected cell cultures |
| title_full | The effects of Avemar treatment on feline immunodeficiency virus infected cell cultures |
| title_fullStr | The effects of Avemar treatment on feline immunodeficiency virus infected cell cultures |
| title_full_unstemmed | The effects of Avemar treatment on feline immunodeficiency virus infected cell cultures |
| title_short | The effects of Avemar treatment on feline immunodeficiency virus infected cell cultures |
| title_sort | effects of avemar treatment on feline immunodeficiency virus infected cell cultures |
| topic | AIDS Avemar pulvis destruction of retrovirus carrier cells feline adenovirus feline immunodeficiency virus fermented wheat germ extract |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1002/vms3.1141 |
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