Divalent Metal Ion Depletion from Wastewater by RVC Cathodes: A Critical Review
In this paper, a critical review of results obtained using a reticulated vitreous carbon (RVC) three-dimensional cathode for the electrochemical depletion of various divalent ions, such as Cu<sup>+2</sup>, Cd<sup>+2</sup>, Pb<sup>+2</sup>, Zn<sup>+2</sup&...
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MDPI AG
2024-01-01
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| Series: | Materials |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/17/2/464 |
| _version_ | 1797343039302139904 |
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| author | Alessandro Dell’Era Carla Lupi Erwin Ciro Francesca A. Scaramuzzo Mauro Pasquali |
| author_facet | Alessandro Dell’Era Carla Lupi Erwin Ciro Francesca A. Scaramuzzo Mauro Pasquali |
| author_sort | Alessandro Dell’Era |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | In this paper, a critical review of results obtained using a reticulated vitreous carbon (RVC) three-dimensional cathode for the electrochemical depletion of various divalent ions, such as Cu<sup>+2</sup>, Cd<sup>+2</sup>, Pb<sup>+2</sup>, Zn<sup>+2</sup>, Ni<sup>+2</sup>, and Co<sup>+2</sup>, often present in wastewater, has been carried out. By analyzing the kinetics and fluid dynamics of the process found in literature, a general dimensionless equation, <i>Sh</i> = <i>f</i>(<i>Re</i>), has been determined, describing a general trend for all the analyzed systems regardless of the geometry, dimensions, and starting conditions. Thus, a map in the <i>log</i>(<i>Sh</i>) vs. <i>log</i>(<i>Re</i>) plane has been reported by characterizing the whole ion electrochemical depletion process and highlighting the existence of a good correlation among all the results. Moreover, because in recent years, the interest in using this three-dimensional cathode material seems to have slowed, the intent is to revive it as a useful tool for metal recovery, recycling processes, and water treatments. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-08T10:41:54Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-079c6db81dca4de981b007980686bae3 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1996-1944 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-08T10:41:54Z |
| publishDate | 2024-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Materials |
| spelling | doaj.art-079c6db81dca4de981b007980686bae32024-01-26T17:29:45ZengMDPI AGMaterials1996-19442024-01-0117246410.3390/ma17020464Divalent Metal Ion Depletion from Wastewater by RVC Cathodes: A Critical ReviewAlessandro Dell’Era0Carla Lupi1Erwin Ciro2Francesca A. Scaramuzzo3Mauro Pasquali4Department SBAI, Sapienza University of Rome, Via del Castro Laurenziano 7, 00161 Roma, ItalyDepartment ICMA, Sapienza University of Rome, Via Eudossiana 18, 00184 Roma, ItalyDepartment of Engineering Sciences, Guglielmo Marconi University, 00193 Rome, ItalyDepartment SBAI, Sapienza University of Rome, Via del Castro Laurenziano 7, 00161 Roma, ItalyDepartment SBAI, Sapienza University of Rome, Via del Castro Laurenziano 7, 00161 Roma, ItalyIn this paper, a critical review of results obtained using a reticulated vitreous carbon (RVC) three-dimensional cathode for the electrochemical depletion of various divalent ions, such as Cu<sup>+2</sup>, Cd<sup>+2</sup>, Pb<sup>+2</sup>, Zn<sup>+2</sup>, Ni<sup>+2</sup>, and Co<sup>+2</sup>, often present in wastewater, has been carried out. By analyzing the kinetics and fluid dynamics of the process found in literature, a general dimensionless equation, <i>Sh</i> = <i>f</i>(<i>Re</i>), has been determined, describing a general trend for all the analyzed systems regardless of the geometry, dimensions, and starting conditions. Thus, a map in the <i>log</i>(<i>Sh</i>) vs. <i>log</i>(<i>Re</i>) plane has been reported by characterizing the whole ion electrochemical depletion process and highlighting the existence of a good correlation among all the results. Moreover, because in recent years, the interest in using this three-dimensional cathode material seems to have slowed, the intent is to revive it as a useful tool for metal recovery, recycling processes, and water treatments.https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/17/2/464reticulated vitreous carbon (RVC)divalent ion electrodepositiondimensionless analysis |
| spellingShingle | Alessandro Dell’Era Carla Lupi Erwin Ciro Francesca A. Scaramuzzo Mauro Pasquali Divalent Metal Ion Depletion from Wastewater by RVC Cathodes: A Critical Review Materials reticulated vitreous carbon (RVC) divalent ion electrodeposition dimensionless analysis |
| title | Divalent Metal Ion Depletion from Wastewater by RVC Cathodes: A Critical Review |
| title_full | Divalent Metal Ion Depletion from Wastewater by RVC Cathodes: A Critical Review |
| title_fullStr | Divalent Metal Ion Depletion from Wastewater by RVC Cathodes: A Critical Review |
| title_full_unstemmed | Divalent Metal Ion Depletion from Wastewater by RVC Cathodes: A Critical Review |
| title_short | Divalent Metal Ion Depletion from Wastewater by RVC Cathodes: A Critical Review |
| title_sort | divalent metal ion depletion from wastewater by rvc cathodes a critical review |
| topic | reticulated vitreous carbon (RVC) divalent ion electrodeposition dimensionless analysis |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/17/2/464 |
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