Identification of Germinants and Expression of Germination Genes in <i>Clostridium perfringens</i> Strains Isolated from Diarrheic Animals
In this study, we investigated the spore germination phenotype of <i>Clostridium perfringens</i> strains isolated from diarrheic animals (animal strains). The transcripts of germination-specific genes and their protein products were also measured. Our study found the following results: (...
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MDPI AG
2024-02-01
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| Series: | Pathogens |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-0817/13/3/194 |
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| author | Prabhat K. Talukdar Maryam Alnoman Mahfuzur R. Sarker |
| author_facet | Prabhat K. Talukdar Maryam Alnoman Mahfuzur R. Sarker |
| author_sort | Prabhat K. Talukdar |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | In this study, we investigated the spore germination phenotype of <i>Clostridium perfringens</i> strains isolated from diarrheic animals (animal strains). The transcripts of germination-specific genes and their protein products were also measured. Our study found the following results: (i) animal strains spores germinated at a slower rate with AK (mixture of L-asparagine and KCl), L-cysteine, or L-lysine, but the extent of germination varied based on strains and germinants used; (ii) none of the amino acids (excluding L-cysteine and L-lysine) were identified as a universal germinant for spores of animal strains; (iii) animal strain spores germinated better at a pH range of 6.0–7.0; (iv) all tested germination-specific genes were expressed in animal strains; the levels of expression of major germinant receptor gene (<i>gerKC</i>) were higher and the cortex hydrolysis machinery genes (<i>cspB</i> and <i>sleC</i>) were lower in animal strains, compared to the food poisoning strain SM101; and (v) the levels of CspB and SleC were significantly lower in spores of animal strains compared to strain SM101, suggesting that these animal strains lack an efficient spore cortex hydrolysis machinery. In summary, our findings suggest that the poor or slow spore germination in <i>C. perfringens</i> animal strains might be due to incomplete spore cortex hydrolysis. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-24T17:55:43Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-07a70a118cca4fee9332db9e3d98294e |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-0817 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-24T17:55:43Z |
| publishDate | 2024-02-01 |
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| series | Pathogens |
| spelling | doaj.art-07a70a118cca4fee9332db9e3d98294e2024-03-27T13:58:49ZengMDPI AGPathogens2076-08172024-02-0113319410.3390/pathogens13030194Identification of Germinants and Expression of Germination Genes in <i>Clostridium perfringens</i> Strains Isolated from Diarrheic AnimalsPrabhat K. Talukdar0Maryam Alnoman1Mahfuzur R. Sarker2Department of Biomedical Sciences, Carlson College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USADepartment of Biology, College of Science Yanbu, Taibah University, Al-Madinah 41491, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Biomedical Sciences, Carlson College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USAIn this study, we investigated the spore germination phenotype of <i>Clostridium perfringens</i> strains isolated from diarrheic animals (animal strains). The transcripts of germination-specific genes and their protein products were also measured. Our study found the following results: (i) animal strains spores germinated at a slower rate with AK (mixture of L-asparagine and KCl), L-cysteine, or L-lysine, but the extent of germination varied based on strains and germinants used; (ii) none of the amino acids (excluding L-cysteine and L-lysine) were identified as a universal germinant for spores of animal strains; (iii) animal strain spores germinated better at a pH range of 6.0–7.0; (iv) all tested germination-specific genes were expressed in animal strains; the levels of expression of major germinant receptor gene (<i>gerKC</i>) were higher and the cortex hydrolysis machinery genes (<i>cspB</i> and <i>sleC</i>) were lower in animal strains, compared to the food poisoning strain SM101; and (v) the levels of CspB and SleC were significantly lower in spores of animal strains compared to strain SM101, suggesting that these animal strains lack an efficient spore cortex hydrolysis machinery. In summary, our findings suggest that the poor or slow spore germination in <i>C. perfringens</i> animal strains might be due to incomplete spore cortex hydrolysis.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-0817/13/3/194spore germinationamino acidsgerminant receptorcortex hydrolysis |
| spellingShingle | Prabhat K. Talukdar Maryam Alnoman Mahfuzur R. Sarker Identification of Germinants and Expression of Germination Genes in <i>Clostridium perfringens</i> Strains Isolated from Diarrheic Animals Pathogens spore germination amino acids germinant receptor cortex hydrolysis |
| title | Identification of Germinants and Expression of Germination Genes in <i>Clostridium perfringens</i> Strains Isolated from Diarrheic Animals |
| title_full | Identification of Germinants and Expression of Germination Genes in <i>Clostridium perfringens</i> Strains Isolated from Diarrheic Animals |
| title_fullStr | Identification of Germinants and Expression of Germination Genes in <i>Clostridium perfringens</i> Strains Isolated from Diarrheic Animals |
| title_full_unstemmed | Identification of Germinants and Expression of Germination Genes in <i>Clostridium perfringens</i> Strains Isolated from Diarrheic Animals |
| title_short | Identification of Germinants and Expression of Germination Genes in <i>Clostridium perfringens</i> Strains Isolated from Diarrheic Animals |
| title_sort | identification of germinants and expression of germination genes in i clostridium perfringens i strains isolated from diarrheic animals |
| topic | spore germination amino acids germinant receptor cortex hydrolysis |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-0817/13/3/194 |
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