Analysis of the Mitogenomes of Two Helotid Species Provides New Insights into the Phylogenetic Relationship of the Basal Cucujoidea (Insecta: Coleoptera)
Helotid beetles are commonly found in places where sap flows from tree trunks and in crevices in bark. The Helotidae family is a rare and primitive group of Cucujoidea. To date, no complete mitochondrial (mt) genome has been sequenced for this family. To better understand the characteristics of the...
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MDPI AG
2023-01-01
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| author | Jing Liu Yuhang Yang Zihan Yan Haishan Wang Ming Bai Chengmin Shi Jing Li |
| author_facet | Jing Liu Yuhang Yang Zihan Yan Haishan Wang Ming Bai Chengmin Shi Jing Li |
| author_sort | Jing Liu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Helotid beetles are commonly found in places where sap flows from tree trunks and in crevices in bark. The Helotidae family is a rare and primitive group of Cucujoidea. To date, no complete mitochondrial (mt) genome has been sequenced for this family. To better understand the characteristics of the mt genome and the evolution of Cucujoidea, we sequenced and annotated the complete mt genomes of <i>Helota thoracica</i> (Ritsema, 1895) and <i>Helota yehi</i> Lee, 2017 using next-generation sequencing. These are the first record of Helotidae mt genomes. The RNA secondary structures of both species were also predicted in this study. The mt genomes of <i>H. thoracica</i> and <i>H. yehi</i> are circular, with total lengths of 16,112 bp and 16,401 bp, respectively. After comparing the mt genomes of <i>H. thoracica</i> and <i>H. yehi</i>, we observed the gene arrangement, codon usage patterns, base content, and RNA secondary structures of both species to be similar, which has also been noted in other Coleoptera insects. The nucleotide sequence of the coding regions and the control region has small differences. The phylogenetic analysis indicated that Helotidae and Protocucujidae are sister groups and revealed the relationship between seven families; however, the validity of the two series (Erotylid series and Nitidulid series) as larger groups in the superfamily was not supported. The mt phylogenomic relationships have strong statistical support. Therefore, the division of Cucujoidea into series should be re-examined. Our results will provide a better understanding of the mt genome and phylogeny of Helotidae and Cucujoidea and will provide valuable molecular markers for further genetic studies. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T13:30:48Z |
| format | Article |
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| issn | 2079-7737 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T13:30:48Z |
| publishDate | 2023-01-01 |
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| series | Biology |
| spelling | doaj.art-07c764a449a34125b95caad0bd53fd4b2023-11-30T21:17:54ZengMDPI AGBiology2079-77372023-01-0112113510.3390/biology12010135Analysis of the Mitogenomes of Two Helotid Species Provides New Insights into the Phylogenetic Relationship of the Basal Cucujoidea (Insecta: Coleoptera)Jing Liu0Yuhang Yang1Zihan Yan2Haishan Wang3Ming Bai4Chengmin Shi5Jing Li6College of Plant Protection, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, ChinaCollege of Plant Protection, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, ChinaCollege of Plant Protection, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, ChinaCollege of Plant Protection, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, ChinaCollege of Plant Protection, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, ChinaCollege of Plant Protection, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, ChinaCollege of Plant Protection, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, ChinaHelotid beetles are commonly found in places where sap flows from tree trunks and in crevices in bark. The Helotidae family is a rare and primitive group of Cucujoidea. To date, no complete mitochondrial (mt) genome has been sequenced for this family. To better understand the characteristics of the mt genome and the evolution of Cucujoidea, we sequenced and annotated the complete mt genomes of <i>Helota thoracica</i> (Ritsema, 1895) and <i>Helota yehi</i> Lee, 2017 using next-generation sequencing. These are the first record of Helotidae mt genomes. The RNA secondary structures of both species were also predicted in this study. The mt genomes of <i>H. thoracica</i> and <i>H. yehi</i> are circular, with total lengths of 16,112 bp and 16,401 bp, respectively. After comparing the mt genomes of <i>H. thoracica</i> and <i>H. yehi</i>, we observed the gene arrangement, codon usage patterns, base content, and RNA secondary structures of both species to be similar, which has also been noted in other Coleoptera insects. The nucleotide sequence of the coding regions and the control region has small differences. The phylogenetic analysis indicated that Helotidae and Protocucujidae are sister groups and revealed the relationship between seven families; however, the validity of the two series (Erotylid series and Nitidulid series) as larger groups in the superfamily was not supported. The mt phylogenomic relationships have strong statistical support. Therefore, the division of Cucujoidea into series should be re-examined. Our results will provide a better understanding of the mt genome and phylogeny of Helotidae and Cucujoidea and will provide valuable molecular markers for further genetic studies.https://www.mdpi.com/2079-7737/12/1/135Helotidaemt genomeCucujoideagenome structurephylogenetic relationship |
| spellingShingle | Jing Liu Yuhang Yang Zihan Yan Haishan Wang Ming Bai Chengmin Shi Jing Li Analysis of the Mitogenomes of Two Helotid Species Provides New Insights into the Phylogenetic Relationship of the Basal Cucujoidea (Insecta: Coleoptera) Biology Helotidae mt genome Cucujoidea genome structure phylogenetic relationship |
| title | Analysis of the Mitogenomes of Two Helotid Species Provides New Insights into the Phylogenetic Relationship of the Basal Cucujoidea (Insecta: Coleoptera) |
| title_full | Analysis of the Mitogenomes of Two Helotid Species Provides New Insights into the Phylogenetic Relationship of the Basal Cucujoidea (Insecta: Coleoptera) |
| title_fullStr | Analysis of the Mitogenomes of Two Helotid Species Provides New Insights into the Phylogenetic Relationship of the Basal Cucujoidea (Insecta: Coleoptera) |
| title_full_unstemmed | Analysis of the Mitogenomes of Two Helotid Species Provides New Insights into the Phylogenetic Relationship of the Basal Cucujoidea (Insecta: Coleoptera) |
| title_short | Analysis of the Mitogenomes of Two Helotid Species Provides New Insights into the Phylogenetic Relationship of the Basal Cucujoidea (Insecta: Coleoptera) |
| title_sort | analysis of the mitogenomes of two helotid species provides new insights into the phylogenetic relationship of the basal cucujoidea insecta coleoptera |
| topic | Helotidae mt genome Cucujoidea genome structure phylogenetic relationship |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-7737/12/1/135 |
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