Phytochemical Screening and Bioactive Properties of <i>Juglans regia</i> L. Pollen
Pollen is one of the major by-products of the walnut tree, yet it is poorly investigated. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the total phenolics, flavonoids, antioxidant, anticancer potential, and polyphenol profile of pollen obtained from male <i>Juglans regia</i> flowers. A...
| Main Authors: | , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2022-10-01
|
| Series: | Antioxidants |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3921/11/10/2046 |
| _version_ | 1797475660443156480 |
|---|---|
| author | Natalia Żurek Karolina Pycia Agata Pawłowska Ireneusz Tomasz Kapusta |
| author_facet | Natalia Żurek Karolina Pycia Agata Pawłowska Ireneusz Tomasz Kapusta |
| author_sort | Natalia Żurek |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Pollen is one of the major by-products of the walnut tree, yet it is poorly investigated. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the total phenolics, flavonoids, antioxidant, anticancer potential, and polyphenol profile of pollen obtained from male <i>Juglans regia</i> flowers. A total of 24 phenolic compounds were identified in <i>Juglans regia</i> pollen and all of them were reported for the first time for this raw material. The content of polyphenols was 408.03 mg/100 g dry weight (dw) and the most abundant components were quercetin 3-<i>O</i>-sophoroside and 4′,5,7-trihydroxy-3,6-dimethoxyflavone-7-<i>O</i>-beta-D-glucoside. The concentration of these compounds, as well as the total content of polyphenols and flavonoids, strongly determined the antioxidant and cytotoxic activity of <i>Juglans regia</i> pollen. Antioxidant action using the ABTS and CUPRAC methods had the values of 3.35 and 0.32 mmol TE/g dw, respectively. In turn, in the tests of chelating ability of ferrous ion, O<sub>2</sub><sup>•−</sup> and OH<sup>−</sup> radical scavenging activity, of which the results were expressed as IC<sub>50</sub>, the values were equal to 335.01, 459.31, and 92.89 µg/mL, respectively. Among the six cancer cell lines, the strongest effect was demonstrated for Caco-2 (140.65 µg/mL) and MCF-7 (140.98 µg/mL) cells. The results provide valuable and previously unpublished data on the polyphenol composition and biological potential of <i>Juglans regia</i> pollen. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T20:48:14Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-07c8ea2654434ddfa48b0c9f7427a6ef |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-3921 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T20:48:14Z |
| publishDate | 2022-10-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Antioxidants |
| spelling | doaj.art-07c8ea2654434ddfa48b0c9f7427a6ef2023-11-23T22:39:53ZengMDPI AGAntioxidants2076-39212022-10-011110204610.3390/antiox11102046Phytochemical Screening and Bioactive Properties of <i>Juglans regia</i> L. PollenNatalia Żurek0Karolina Pycia1Agata Pawłowska2Ireneusz Tomasz Kapusta3Department Food Technology and Human Nutrition, Institute of Food Technology and Nutrition, University of Rzeszow, 4 Zelwerowicza St., 35-601 Rzeszow, PolandDepartment Food Technology and Human Nutrition, Institute of Food Technology and Nutrition, University of Rzeszow, 4 Zelwerowicza St., 35-601 Rzeszow, PolandDepartment Food Technology and Human Nutrition, Institute of Food Technology and Nutrition, University of Rzeszow, 4 Zelwerowicza St., 35-601 Rzeszow, PolandDepartment Food Technology and Human Nutrition, Institute of Food Technology and Nutrition, University of Rzeszow, 4 Zelwerowicza St., 35-601 Rzeszow, PolandPollen is one of the major by-products of the walnut tree, yet it is poorly investigated. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the total phenolics, flavonoids, antioxidant, anticancer potential, and polyphenol profile of pollen obtained from male <i>Juglans regia</i> flowers. A total of 24 phenolic compounds were identified in <i>Juglans regia</i> pollen and all of them were reported for the first time for this raw material. The content of polyphenols was 408.03 mg/100 g dry weight (dw) and the most abundant components were quercetin 3-<i>O</i>-sophoroside and 4′,5,7-trihydroxy-3,6-dimethoxyflavone-7-<i>O</i>-beta-D-glucoside. The concentration of these compounds, as well as the total content of polyphenols and flavonoids, strongly determined the antioxidant and cytotoxic activity of <i>Juglans regia</i> pollen. Antioxidant action using the ABTS and CUPRAC methods had the values of 3.35 and 0.32 mmol TE/g dw, respectively. In turn, in the tests of chelating ability of ferrous ion, O<sub>2</sub><sup>•−</sup> and OH<sup>−</sup> radical scavenging activity, of which the results were expressed as IC<sub>50</sub>, the values were equal to 335.01, 459.31, and 92.89 µg/mL, respectively. Among the six cancer cell lines, the strongest effect was demonstrated for Caco-2 (140.65 µg/mL) and MCF-7 (140.98 µg/mL) cells. The results provide valuable and previously unpublished data on the polyphenol composition and biological potential of <i>Juglans regia</i> pollen.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3921/11/10/2046<i>Juglans regia</i>pollenpolyphenol compoundsantioxidant activityanticancer activity |
| spellingShingle | Natalia Żurek Karolina Pycia Agata Pawłowska Ireneusz Tomasz Kapusta Phytochemical Screening and Bioactive Properties of <i>Juglans regia</i> L. Pollen Antioxidants <i>Juglans regia</i> pollen polyphenol compounds antioxidant activity anticancer activity |
| title | Phytochemical Screening and Bioactive Properties of <i>Juglans regia</i> L. Pollen |
| title_full | Phytochemical Screening and Bioactive Properties of <i>Juglans regia</i> L. Pollen |
| title_fullStr | Phytochemical Screening and Bioactive Properties of <i>Juglans regia</i> L. Pollen |
| title_full_unstemmed | Phytochemical Screening and Bioactive Properties of <i>Juglans regia</i> L. Pollen |
| title_short | Phytochemical Screening and Bioactive Properties of <i>Juglans regia</i> L. Pollen |
| title_sort | phytochemical screening and bioactive properties of i juglans regia i l pollen |
| topic | <i>Juglans regia</i> pollen polyphenol compounds antioxidant activity anticancer activity |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3921/11/10/2046 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT nataliazurek phytochemicalscreeningandbioactivepropertiesofijuglansregiailpollen AT karolinapycia phytochemicalscreeningandbioactivepropertiesofijuglansregiailpollen AT agatapawłowska phytochemicalscreeningandbioactivepropertiesofijuglansregiailpollen AT ireneusztomaszkapusta phytochemicalscreeningandbioactivepropertiesofijuglansregiailpollen |