Targeting CCR5 as a Component of an HIV-1 Therapeutic Strategy
Globally, human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection is a major health burden for which successful therapeutic options are still being investigated. Challenges facing current drugs that are part of the established life-long antiretroviral therapy (ART) include toxicity, development of dru...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2022-01-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Immunology |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2021.816515/full |
| _version_ | 1798015485301751808 |
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| author | Hager Mohamed Theodore Gurrola Rachel Berman Mackenzie Collins Ilker K. Sariyer Michael R. Nonnemacher Brian Wigdahl |
| author_facet | Hager Mohamed Theodore Gurrola Rachel Berman Mackenzie Collins Ilker K. Sariyer Michael R. Nonnemacher Brian Wigdahl |
| author_sort | Hager Mohamed |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Globally, human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection is a major health burden for which successful therapeutic options are still being investigated. Challenges facing current drugs that are part of the established life-long antiretroviral therapy (ART) include toxicity, development of drug resistant HIV-1 strains, the cost of treatment, and the inability to eradicate the provirus from infected cells. For these reasons, novel anti-HIV-1 therapeutics that can prevent or eliminate disease progression including the onset of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) are needed. While development of HIV-1 vaccination has also been challenging, recent advancements demonstrate that infection of HIV-1-susceptible cells can be prevented in individuals living with HIV-1, by targeting C-C chemokine receptor type 5 (CCR5). CCR5 serves many functions in the human immune response and is a co-receptor utilized by HIV-1 for entry into immune cells. Therapeutics targeting CCR5 generally involve gene editing techniques including CRISPR, CCR5 blockade using antibodies or antagonists, or combinations of both. Here we review the efficacy of these approaches and discuss the potential of their use in the clinic as novel ART-independent therapies for HIV-1 infection. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-11T15:35:16Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-07cd16400d2a4186931c3780183dcef6 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1664-3224 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-11T15:35:16Z |
| publishDate | 2022-01-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Immunology |
| spelling | doaj.art-07cd16400d2a4186931c3780183dcef62022-12-22T04:16:02ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Immunology1664-32242022-01-011210.3389/fimmu.2021.816515816515Targeting CCR5 as a Component of an HIV-1 Therapeutic StrategyHager Mohamed0Theodore Gurrola1Rachel Berman2Mackenzie Collins3Ilker K. Sariyer4Michael R. Nonnemacher5Brian Wigdahl6Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Molecular Virology and Translational Neuroscience, Institute for Molecular Medicine and Infectious Disease, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United StatesDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Molecular Virology and Translational Neuroscience, Institute for Molecular Medicine and Infectious Disease, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United StatesDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Molecular Virology and Translational Neuroscience, Institute for Molecular Medicine and Infectious Disease, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United StatesDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Molecular Virology and Translational Neuroscience, Institute for Molecular Medicine and Infectious Disease, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United StatesDepartment of Microbiology, Immunology, and Inflammation, Center for Neurovirology and Gene Editing, School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United StatesDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Molecular Virology and Translational Neuroscience, Institute for Molecular Medicine and Infectious Disease, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United StatesDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Molecular Virology and Translational Neuroscience, Institute for Molecular Medicine and Infectious Disease, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United StatesGlobally, human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection is a major health burden for which successful therapeutic options are still being investigated. Challenges facing current drugs that are part of the established life-long antiretroviral therapy (ART) include toxicity, development of drug resistant HIV-1 strains, the cost of treatment, and the inability to eradicate the provirus from infected cells. For these reasons, novel anti-HIV-1 therapeutics that can prevent or eliminate disease progression including the onset of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) are needed. While development of HIV-1 vaccination has also been challenging, recent advancements demonstrate that infection of HIV-1-susceptible cells can be prevented in individuals living with HIV-1, by targeting C-C chemokine receptor type 5 (CCR5). CCR5 serves many functions in the human immune response and is a co-receptor utilized by HIV-1 for entry into immune cells. Therapeutics targeting CCR5 generally involve gene editing techniques including CRISPR, CCR5 blockade using antibodies or antagonists, or combinations of both. Here we review the efficacy of these approaches and discuss the potential of their use in the clinic as novel ART-independent therapies for HIV-1 infection.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2021.816515/fullantiretroviral drugsCCR5Δ32CCR5 monoclonal antibodiesCCR5 small molecule inhibitorsHIV-1 drug resistancezinc finger nucleases |
| spellingShingle | Hager Mohamed Theodore Gurrola Rachel Berman Mackenzie Collins Ilker K. Sariyer Michael R. Nonnemacher Brian Wigdahl Targeting CCR5 as a Component of an HIV-1 Therapeutic Strategy Frontiers in Immunology antiretroviral drugs CCR5Δ32 CCR5 monoclonal antibodies CCR5 small molecule inhibitors HIV-1 drug resistance zinc finger nucleases |
| title | Targeting CCR5 as a Component of an HIV-1 Therapeutic Strategy |
| title_full | Targeting CCR5 as a Component of an HIV-1 Therapeutic Strategy |
| title_fullStr | Targeting CCR5 as a Component of an HIV-1 Therapeutic Strategy |
| title_full_unstemmed | Targeting CCR5 as a Component of an HIV-1 Therapeutic Strategy |
| title_short | Targeting CCR5 as a Component of an HIV-1 Therapeutic Strategy |
| title_sort | targeting ccr5 as a component of an hiv 1 therapeutic strategy |
| topic | antiretroviral drugs CCR5Δ32 CCR5 monoclonal antibodies CCR5 small molecule inhibitors HIV-1 drug resistance zinc finger nucleases |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2021.816515/full |
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