The association between community-level socioeconomic status and depressive symptoms among middle-aged and older adults in China
Abstract Background There was little evidence concerning the association of community socioeconomic status (SES) and the cross-level interaction between community- and individual-level SES with depressive symptoms in China. This study aimed to investigate the association of community-level SES with...
| Main Authors: | , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
BMC
2022-04-01
|
| Series: | BMC Psychiatry |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-022-03937-9 |
| _version_ | 1818014247726088192 |
|---|---|
| author | Yan Liu Zhaorui Liu Richard Liang Yanan Luo |
| author_facet | Yan Liu Zhaorui Liu Richard Liang Yanan Luo |
| author_sort | Yan Liu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background There was little evidence concerning the association of community socioeconomic status (SES) and the cross-level interaction between community- and individual-level SES with depressive symptoms in China. This study aimed to investigate the association of community-level SES with depressive symptoms among Chinese middle-aged and older people and to examine whether individual-level SES moderates this relationship. Methods Using data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal 2011–2018 Study, the 10-item Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D-10) short form was used to measure depressive symptoms in 35,546 Chinese individuals aged 45 years and older. Community SES was calculated as a sum of z scores of the average years of schooling and household income per capita, which were derived by aggregating the individual measures to the community level. Two-level hierarchical linear regression was used. Results Community SES was negatively related to CES-D-10 scores (coef=-0.438). A 1-SD increase in individual SES was associated with lower CES-D-10 scores (coef=-0.490). The cross-level interaction on individual- and community-level SES was significantly associated with depressive symptoms, indicating that with the increase of individual-level SES, the effect of community-level SES on depression decreases. Stratified analyses observed robust associations of community SES with CES-D scores between urban and rural residents. Conclusions This study showed that individuals who live in lower-SES communities had more severe depressive symptoms, particularly individuals with low SES. Additional attention should be given to the community socioeconomic context of middle-aged and older adults with lower SES, which may be helpful to reduce SES inequalities in depressive symptoms in China. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-14T06:42:36Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-07d40cf8d9644443993a77c7f10e2d84 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1471-244X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-14T06:42:36Z |
| publishDate | 2022-04-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | BMC Psychiatry |
| spelling | doaj.art-07d40cf8d9644443993a77c7f10e2d842022-12-22T02:07:17ZengBMCBMC Psychiatry1471-244X2022-04-012211910.1186/s12888-022-03937-9The association between community-level socioeconomic status and depressive symptoms among middle-aged and older adults in ChinaYan Liu0Zhaorui Liu1Richard Liang2Yanan Luo3Institute of Population Research, Peking UniversityPeking University Sixth HospitalSchool of Medicine, Stanford UniversityDepartment of Global Health, School of Public Health, Peking UniversityAbstract Background There was little evidence concerning the association of community socioeconomic status (SES) and the cross-level interaction between community- and individual-level SES with depressive symptoms in China. This study aimed to investigate the association of community-level SES with depressive symptoms among Chinese middle-aged and older people and to examine whether individual-level SES moderates this relationship. Methods Using data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal 2011–2018 Study, the 10-item Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D-10) short form was used to measure depressive symptoms in 35,546 Chinese individuals aged 45 years and older. Community SES was calculated as a sum of z scores of the average years of schooling and household income per capita, which were derived by aggregating the individual measures to the community level. Two-level hierarchical linear regression was used. Results Community SES was negatively related to CES-D-10 scores (coef=-0.438). A 1-SD increase in individual SES was associated with lower CES-D-10 scores (coef=-0.490). The cross-level interaction on individual- and community-level SES was significantly associated with depressive symptoms, indicating that with the increase of individual-level SES, the effect of community-level SES on depression decreases. Stratified analyses observed robust associations of community SES with CES-D scores between urban and rural residents. Conclusions This study showed that individuals who live in lower-SES communities had more severe depressive symptoms, particularly individuals with low SES. Additional attention should be given to the community socioeconomic context of middle-aged and older adults with lower SES, which may be helpful to reduce SES inequalities in depressive symptoms in China.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-022-03937-9Chinese middle-aged and older peopleCommunity factorsDepressive symptomsSocioeconomic status |
| spellingShingle | Yan Liu Zhaorui Liu Richard Liang Yanan Luo The association between community-level socioeconomic status and depressive symptoms among middle-aged and older adults in China BMC Psychiatry Chinese middle-aged and older people Community factors Depressive symptoms Socioeconomic status |
| title | The association between community-level socioeconomic status and depressive symptoms among middle-aged and older adults in China |
| title_full | The association between community-level socioeconomic status and depressive symptoms among middle-aged and older adults in China |
| title_fullStr | The association between community-level socioeconomic status and depressive symptoms among middle-aged and older adults in China |
| title_full_unstemmed | The association between community-level socioeconomic status and depressive symptoms among middle-aged and older adults in China |
| title_short | The association between community-level socioeconomic status and depressive symptoms among middle-aged and older adults in China |
| title_sort | association between community level socioeconomic status and depressive symptoms among middle aged and older adults in china |
| topic | Chinese middle-aged and older people Community factors Depressive symptoms Socioeconomic status |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-022-03937-9 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT yanliu theassociationbetweencommunitylevelsocioeconomicstatusanddepressivesymptomsamongmiddleagedandolderadultsinchina AT zhaoruiliu theassociationbetweencommunitylevelsocioeconomicstatusanddepressivesymptomsamongmiddleagedandolderadultsinchina AT richardliang theassociationbetweencommunitylevelsocioeconomicstatusanddepressivesymptomsamongmiddleagedandolderadultsinchina AT yananluo theassociationbetweencommunitylevelsocioeconomicstatusanddepressivesymptomsamongmiddleagedandolderadultsinchina AT yanliu associationbetweencommunitylevelsocioeconomicstatusanddepressivesymptomsamongmiddleagedandolderadultsinchina AT zhaoruiliu associationbetweencommunitylevelsocioeconomicstatusanddepressivesymptomsamongmiddleagedandolderadultsinchina AT richardliang associationbetweencommunitylevelsocioeconomicstatusanddepressivesymptomsamongmiddleagedandolderadultsinchina AT yananluo associationbetweencommunitylevelsocioeconomicstatusanddepressivesymptomsamongmiddleagedandolderadultsinchina |