Distal Consequences of Mucosal Infections in Intestinal and Lung Inflammation
Infectious diseases are one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide, affecting high-risk populations such as children and the elderly. Pathogens usually activate local immune responses at the site of infection, resulting in both protective and inflammatory responses, which may lea...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2022-04-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Immunology |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2022.877533/full |
| _version_ | 1818249721980911616 |
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| author | Felipe Melo-González Felipe Melo-González Felipe Melo-González Javiera Sepúlveda-Alfaro Javiera Sepúlveda-Alfaro Bárbara M. Schultz Bárbara M. Schultz Isidora D. Suazo Isidora D. Suazo David L. Boone Alexis M. Kalergis Alexis M. Kalergis Alexis M. Kalergis Susan M. Bueno Susan M. Bueno |
| author_facet | Felipe Melo-González Felipe Melo-González Felipe Melo-González Javiera Sepúlveda-Alfaro Javiera Sepúlveda-Alfaro Bárbara M. Schultz Bárbara M. Schultz Isidora D. Suazo Isidora D. Suazo David L. Boone Alexis M. Kalergis Alexis M. Kalergis Alexis M. Kalergis Susan M. Bueno Susan M. Bueno |
| author_sort | Felipe Melo-González |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Infectious diseases are one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide, affecting high-risk populations such as children and the elderly. Pathogens usually activate local immune responses at the site of infection, resulting in both protective and inflammatory responses, which may lead to local changes in the microbiota, metabolites, and the cytokine environment. Although some pathogens can disseminate and cause systemic disease, increasing evidence suggests that local infections can affect tissues not directly invaded. In particular, diseases occurring at distal mucosal barriers such as the lung and the intestine seem to be linked, as shown by epidemiological studies in humans. These mucosal barriers have bidirectional interactions based mainly on multiple signals derived from the microbiota, which has been termed as the gut-lung axis. However, the effects observed in such distal places are still incompletely understood. Most of the current research focuses on the systemic impact of changes in microbiota and bacterial metabolites during infection, which could further modulate immune responses at distal tissue sites. Here, we describe how the gut microbiota and associated metabolites play key roles in maintaining local homeostasis and preventing enteric infection by direct and indirect mechanisms. Subsequently, we discuss recent murine and human studies linking infectious diseases with changes occurring at distal mucosal barriers, with particular emphasis on bacterial and viral infections affecting the lung and the gastrointestinal tract. Further, we discuss the potential mechanisms by which pathogens may cause such effects, promoting either protection or susceptibility to secondary infection. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-12T15:41:00Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-07dd0390b15d437aa6354db20ee12221 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1664-3224 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-12T15:41:00Z |
| publishDate | 2022-04-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Immunology |
| spelling | doaj.art-07dd0390b15d437aa6354db20ee122212022-12-22T00:19:54ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Immunology1664-32242022-04-011310.3389/fimmu.2022.877533877533Distal Consequences of Mucosal Infections in Intestinal and Lung InflammationFelipe Melo-González0Felipe Melo-González1Felipe Melo-González2Javiera Sepúlveda-Alfaro3Javiera Sepúlveda-Alfaro4Bárbara M. Schultz5Bárbara M. Schultz6Isidora D. Suazo7Isidora D. Suazo8David L. Boone9Alexis M. Kalergis10Alexis M. Kalergis11Alexis M. Kalergis12Susan M. Bueno13Susan M. Bueno14Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, ChileDepartamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, ChileDepartamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago, ChileMillennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, ChileDepartamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, ChileMillennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, ChileDepartamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, ChileMillennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, ChileDepartamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, ChileDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine-South Bend, South Bend, IN, United StatesMillennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, ChileDepartamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, ChileDepartamento de Endocrinología, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, ChileMillennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, ChileDepartamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, ChileInfectious diseases are one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide, affecting high-risk populations such as children and the elderly. Pathogens usually activate local immune responses at the site of infection, resulting in both protective and inflammatory responses, which may lead to local changes in the microbiota, metabolites, and the cytokine environment. Although some pathogens can disseminate and cause systemic disease, increasing evidence suggests that local infections can affect tissues not directly invaded. In particular, diseases occurring at distal mucosal barriers such as the lung and the intestine seem to be linked, as shown by epidemiological studies in humans. These mucosal barriers have bidirectional interactions based mainly on multiple signals derived from the microbiota, which has been termed as the gut-lung axis. However, the effects observed in such distal places are still incompletely understood. Most of the current research focuses on the systemic impact of changes in microbiota and bacterial metabolites during infection, which could further modulate immune responses at distal tissue sites. Here, we describe how the gut microbiota and associated metabolites play key roles in maintaining local homeostasis and preventing enteric infection by direct and indirect mechanisms. Subsequently, we discuss recent murine and human studies linking infectious diseases with changes occurring at distal mucosal barriers, with particular emphasis on bacterial and viral infections affecting the lung and the gastrointestinal tract. Further, we discuss the potential mechanisms by which pathogens may cause such effects, promoting either protection or susceptibility to secondary infection.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2022.877533/fullgut-lung axisinfectious diseasesinflammationmicrobiotametabolites |
| spellingShingle | Felipe Melo-González Felipe Melo-González Felipe Melo-González Javiera Sepúlveda-Alfaro Javiera Sepúlveda-Alfaro Bárbara M. Schultz Bárbara M. Schultz Isidora D. Suazo Isidora D. Suazo David L. Boone Alexis M. Kalergis Alexis M. Kalergis Alexis M. Kalergis Susan M. Bueno Susan M. Bueno Distal Consequences of Mucosal Infections in Intestinal and Lung Inflammation Frontiers in Immunology gut-lung axis infectious diseases inflammation microbiota metabolites |
| title | Distal Consequences of Mucosal Infections in Intestinal and Lung Inflammation |
| title_full | Distal Consequences of Mucosal Infections in Intestinal and Lung Inflammation |
| title_fullStr | Distal Consequences of Mucosal Infections in Intestinal and Lung Inflammation |
| title_full_unstemmed | Distal Consequences of Mucosal Infections in Intestinal and Lung Inflammation |
| title_short | Distal Consequences of Mucosal Infections in Intestinal and Lung Inflammation |
| title_sort | distal consequences of mucosal infections in intestinal and lung inflammation |
| topic | gut-lung axis infectious diseases inflammation microbiota metabolites |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2022.877533/full |
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