LL-37, a Multi-Faceted Amphipathic Peptide Involved in NETosis
Innate immunity responds to infections and inflammatory stimuli through a carefully choreographed set of interactions between cells, stimuli and their specific receptors. Of particular importance are endogenous peptides, which assume roles as defensins or alarmins, growth factors or wound repair ind...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-08-01
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| Series: | Cells |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/11/15/2463 |
| _version_ | 1797432882515410944 |
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| author | Marko Radic Sylviane Muller |
| author_facet | Marko Radic Sylviane Muller |
| author_sort | Marko Radic |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Innate immunity responds to infections and inflammatory stimuli through a carefully choreographed set of interactions between cells, stimuli and their specific receptors. Of particular importance are endogenous peptides, which assume roles as defensins or alarmins, growth factors or wound repair inducers. LL-37, a proteolytic fragment of cathelicidin, fulfills the roles of a defensin by inserting into the membranes of bacterial pathogens, functions as alarmin in stimulating chemotaxis of innate immune cells, and alters the structure and efficacy of various cytokines. Here, we draw attention to the direct effect of LL-37 on neutrophils and the release of extracellular traps (NETs), as NETs have been established as mediators of immune defense against pathogens but also as important contributors to chronic disease and tissue pathogenesis. We propose a specific structural basis for LL-37 function, in part by highlighting the structural flexibility of LL-37 and its ability to adapt to distinct microenvironments and interacting counterparts. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T10:09:07Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-07e3485ead8b43e18a7059d734ee8f88 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4409 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T10:09:07Z |
| publishDate | 2022-08-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Cells |
| spelling | doaj.art-07e3485ead8b43e18a7059d734ee8f882023-12-01T22:53:26ZengMDPI AGCells2073-44092022-08-011115246310.3390/cells11152463LL-37, a Multi-Faceted Amphipathic Peptide Involved in NETosisMarko Radic0Sylviane Muller1Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USACNRS-Strasbourg University Biotechnology and Cell Signaling UMR7242/Strasbourg Drug Discovery and Development Institute (IMS), 67000 Strasbourg, FranceInnate immunity responds to infections and inflammatory stimuli through a carefully choreographed set of interactions between cells, stimuli and their specific receptors. Of particular importance are endogenous peptides, which assume roles as defensins or alarmins, growth factors or wound repair inducers. LL-37, a proteolytic fragment of cathelicidin, fulfills the roles of a defensin by inserting into the membranes of bacterial pathogens, functions as alarmin in stimulating chemotaxis of innate immune cells, and alters the structure and efficacy of various cytokines. Here, we draw attention to the direct effect of LL-37 on neutrophils and the release of extracellular traps (NETs), as NETs have been established as mediators of immune defense against pathogens but also as important contributors to chronic disease and tissue pathogenesis. We propose a specific structural basis for LL-37 function, in part by highlighting the structural flexibility of LL-37 and its ability to adapt to distinct microenvironments and interacting counterparts.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/11/15/2463cathelicidincationic antimicrobial proteinNETosislupusneutrophilsstructural flexibility |
| spellingShingle | Marko Radic Sylviane Muller LL-37, a Multi-Faceted Amphipathic Peptide Involved in NETosis Cells cathelicidin cationic antimicrobial protein NETosis lupus neutrophils structural flexibility |
| title | LL-37, a Multi-Faceted Amphipathic Peptide Involved in NETosis |
| title_full | LL-37, a Multi-Faceted Amphipathic Peptide Involved in NETosis |
| title_fullStr | LL-37, a Multi-Faceted Amphipathic Peptide Involved in NETosis |
| title_full_unstemmed | LL-37, a Multi-Faceted Amphipathic Peptide Involved in NETosis |
| title_short | LL-37, a Multi-Faceted Amphipathic Peptide Involved in NETosis |
| title_sort | ll 37 a multi faceted amphipathic peptide involved in netosis |
| topic | cathelicidin cationic antimicrobial protein NETosis lupus neutrophils structural flexibility |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/11/15/2463 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT markoradic ll37amultifacetedamphipathicpeptideinvolvedinnetosis AT sylvianemuller ll37amultifacetedamphipathicpeptideinvolvedinnetosis |