Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Oxidative Stress Caused by Cryopreservation in Reproductive Cells
Mitochondria, fundamental organelles in cell metabolism, and ATP synthesis are responsible for generating reactive oxygen species (ROS), calcium homeostasis, and cell death. Mitochondria produce most ROS, and when levels exceed the antioxidant defenses, oxidative stress (OS) is generated. These chan...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2021-02-01
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| Series: | Antioxidants |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3921/10/3/337 |
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| author | Roberto Gualtieri Guruprasad Kalthur Vincenza Barbato Maddalena Di Nardo Satish Kumar Adiga Riccardo Talevi |
| author_facet | Roberto Gualtieri Guruprasad Kalthur Vincenza Barbato Maddalena Di Nardo Satish Kumar Adiga Riccardo Talevi |
| author_sort | Roberto Gualtieri |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Mitochondria, fundamental organelles in cell metabolism, and ATP synthesis are responsible for generating reactive oxygen species (ROS), calcium homeostasis, and cell death. Mitochondria produce most ROS, and when levels exceed the antioxidant defenses, oxidative stress (OS) is generated. These changes may eventually impair the electron transport chain, resulting in decreased ATP synthesis, increased ROS production, altered mitochondrial membrane permeability, and disruption of calcium homeostasis. Mitochondria play a key role in the gamete competence to facilitate normal embryo development. However, iatrogenic factors in assisted reproductive technologies (ART) may affect their functional competence, leading to an abnormal reproductive outcome. Cryopreservation, a fundamental technology in ART, may compromise mitochondrial function leading to elevated intracellular OS that decreases sperm and oocytes’ competence and the dynamics of fertilization and embryo development. This article aims to review the role played by mitochondria and ROS in sperm and oocyte function and the close, biunivocal relationships between mitochondrial damage and ROS generation during cryopreservation of gametes and gonadal tissues in different species. Based on current literature, we propose tentative hypothesis of mechanisms involved in cryopreservation-associated mitochondrial dysfunction in gametes, and discuss the role played by antioxidants and other agents to retain the competence of cryopreserved reproductive cells and tissues. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T00:34:11Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-080e1e51a82f4fd5a41b92280831d597 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-3921 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T00:34:11Z |
| publishDate | 2021-02-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Antioxidants |
| spelling | doaj.art-080e1e51a82f4fd5a41b92280831d5972023-12-11T18:15:58ZengMDPI AGAntioxidants2076-39212021-02-0110333710.3390/antiox10030337Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Oxidative Stress Caused by Cryopreservation in Reproductive CellsRoberto Gualtieri0Guruprasad Kalthur1Vincenza Barbato2Maddalena Di Nardo3Satish Kumar Adiga4Riccardo Talevi5Department of Biology, University of Naples “Federico II”, Complesso Universitario di Monte S. Angelo, Via Cinthia, 80126 Naples, ItalyDepartment of Clinical Embryology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576 104, IndiaDepartment of Biology, University of Naples “Federico II”, Complesso Universitario di Monte S. Angelo, Via Cinthia, 80126 Naples, ItalyDepartment of Biology, University of Naples “Federico II”, Complesso Universitario di Monte S. Angelo, Via Cinthia, 80126 Naples, ItalyDepartment of Clinical Embryology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576 104, IndiaDepartment of Biology, University of Naples “Federico II”, Complesso Universitario di Monte S. Angelo, Via Cinthia, 80126 Naples, ItalyMitochondria, fundamental organelles in cell metabolism, and ATP synthesis are responsible for generating reactive oxygen species (ROS), calcium homeostasis, and cell death. Mitochondria produce most ROS, and when levels exceed the antioxidant defenses, oxidative stress (OS) is generated. These changes may eventually impair the electron transport chain, resulting in decreased ATP synthesis, increased ROS production, altered mitochondrial membrane permeability, and disruption of calcium homeostasis. Mitochondria play a key role in the gamete competence to facilitate normal embryo development. However, iatrogenic factors in assisted reproductive technologies (ART) may affect their functional competence, leading to an abnormal reproductive outcome. Cryopreservation, a fundamental technology in ART, may compromise mitochondrial function leading to elevated intracellular OS that decreases sperm and oocytes’ competence and the dynamics of fertilization and embryo development. This article aims to review the role played by mitochondria and ROS in sperm and oocyte function and the close, biunivocal relationships between mitochondrial damage and ROS generation during cryopreservation of gametes and gonadal tissues in different species. Based on current literature, we propose tentative hypothesis of mechanisms involved in cryopreservation-associated mitochondrial dysfunction in gametes, and discuss the role played by antioxidants and other agents to retain the competence of cryopreserved reproductive cells and tissues.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3921/10/3/337mitochondriacryopreservationoxidative stressspermoocytegonadal tissue |
| spellingShingle | Roberto Gualtieri Guruprasad Kalthur Vincenza Barbato Maddalena Di Nardo Satish Kumar Adiga Riccardo Talevi Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Oxidative Stress Caused by Cryopreservation in Reproductive Cells Antioxidants mitochondria cryopreservation oxidative stress sperm oocyte gonadal tissue |
| title | Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Oxidative Stress Caused by Cryopreservation in Reproductive Cells |
| title_full | Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Oxidative Stress Caused by Cryopreservation in Reproductive Cells |
| title_fullStr | Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Oxidative Stress Caused by Cryopreservation in Reproductive Cells |
| title_full_unstemmed | Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Oxidative Stress Caused by Cryopreservation in Reproductive Cells |
| title_short | Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Oxidative Stress Caused by Cryopreservation in Reproductive Cells |
| title_sort | mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress caused by cryopreservation in reproductive cells |
| topic | mitochondria cryopreservation oxidative stress sperm oocyte gonadal tissue |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3921/10/3/337 |
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