Evaluation of grit and its associated factors among undergraduate pharmacy students from 14 Asian and Middle Eastern countries amid the COVID-19 pandemic
Introduction: Grit is proposed as an essential trait for academic achievement. Thus, evaluating its current status and the associated factors could aid academic support planning. Objective: The present study aimed to assess grit level and its related factors among undergraduate pharmacy students fro...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Elsevier
2023-03-01
|
| Series: | Saudi Pharmaceutical Journal |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1319016423000166 |
| _version_ | 1797861126011092992 |
|---|---|
| author | Mohamed Hassan Elnaem Muna Barakat Naeem Mubarak Mohammed Salim K.T. Doaa H. Abdelaziz Ahmed Ibrahim Fathelrahman Abrar K. Thabit Diana Laila Ramatillah Ali Azeez Al-Jumaili Nabeel Kashan Syed Mohammed Fathelrahman Adam Md. Sanower Hossain Mohamed A. Baraka Jimmy Jose Ramadan Elkalmi Sarath Chandran Mahmoud E. Elrggal Noha O. Mansour |
| author_facet | Mohamed Hassan Elnaem Muna Barakat Naeem Mubarak Mohammed Salim K.T. Doaa H. Abdelaziz Ahmed Ibrahim Fathelrahman Abrar K. Thabit Diana Laila Ramatillah Ali Azeez Al-Jumaili Nabeel Kashan Syed Mohammed Fathelrahman Adam Md. Sanower Hossain Mohamed A. Baraka Jimmy Jose Ramadan Elkalmi Sarath Chandran Mahmoud E. Elrggal Noha O. Mansour |
| author_sort | Mohamed Hassan Elnaem |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Introduction: Grit is proposed as an essential trait for academic achievement. Thus, evaluating its current status and the associated factors could aid academic support planning. Objective: The present study aimed to assess grit level and its related factors among undergraduate pharmacy students from 14 countries amid the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: A cross-sectional survey-based study was conducted among pharmacy students from 14 countries in Asia and the Middle East. A 31-item questionnaire was developed, validated, and pilot-tested, including the validated short scale for grit assessment. The data was collected between 1 February and 15 April 2022. Descriptive and inferential statistics were employed as appropriate. Results: A total of 2665 responses were received, mainly from females (68.7 %), living in urban areas (69.2 %) and studying at private universities (59.1 %). The average grit score on a scale of 5 was 3.15 ± 0.54. The responses revealed higher favourable responses to items on the perseverance of efforts (34.9 % to 54 %) compared to items on the consistency of interests (26.5 % to 31.1 %). Students who did not exercise (AOR: 0.47, 95 %CI: 0.33–0.67) or exercised irregularly (AOR: 0.64, 95 %CI: 0.45–0.90) were less likely to have higher grit scores than those who exercised regularly. Additionally, students who did not receive COVID-19 vaccination (AOR: 0.50, 95 %CI: 0.36–0.71) or received only one dose (AOR: 0.67, 95 %CI: 0.46–0.99) were less likely to have higher grit scores than those who received their booster vaccination. Interestingly, students who chose the pharmacy program as their only available or reasonable choice (AOR: 0.33, 95 %CI: 0.17–0.62) and students from public universities (AOR: 0.82, 95 %CI: 0.68–0.98) were less likely to have higher grit scores. On the other hand, students who did not face educational challenges with online learning (AOR: 1.19, 95 %CI: 1.003–1.416) and students with excellent (AOR: 2.28, 95 %CI: 1.57–3.31) and very good (AOR: 2.16, 95 %CI: 1.53–3.04) academic performance were more likely to have higher grit scores. Conclusion: The findings revealed moderate grit levels. Higher grit levels were thought to be associated with several personal, lifestyle and academic factors. Further interventions to support students' grit attributes are required, particularly concerning the consistency of interests. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-09T21:57:02Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-08101ac11c254f3e8c9326edd05f1d85 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1319-0164 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-09T21:57:02Z |
| publishDate | 2023-03-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Saudi Pharmaceutical Journal |
| spelling | doaj.art-08101ac11c254f3e8c9326edd05f1d852023-03-24T04:22:03ZengElsevierSaudi Pharmaceutical Journal1319-01642023-03-01313410416Evaluation of grit and its associated factors among undergraduate pharmacy students from 14 Asian and Middle Eastern countries amid the COVID-19 pandemicMohamed Hassan Elnaem0Muna Barakat1Naeem Mubarak2Mohammed Salim K.T.3Doaa H. Abdelaziz4Ahmed Ibrahim Fathelrahman5Abrar K. Thabit6Diana Laila Ramatillah7Ali Azeez Al-Jumaili8Nabeel Kashan Syed9Mohammed Fathelrahman Adam10Md. Sanower Hossain11Mohamed A. Baraka12Jimmy Jose13Ramadan Elkalmi14Sarath Chandran15Mahmoud E. Elrggal16Noha O. Mansour17School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Minden, Penang, Malaysia; Corresponding author.Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Applied Science Private University, Amman, JordanDepartment of Pharmacy Practice, Lahore Medical & Dental College, University of Health Sciences, Lahore, PakistanDepartment of Pharmacy Practice, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Karnataka, IndiaPharmacy Practice & Clinical Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Future University in Egypt, Cairo, EgyptDepartment of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, Taif, Saudi ArabiaPharmacy Practice Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi ArabiaFaculty of Pharmacy, Universitas 17 Agustus, 1945 Jakarta, Jakarta, IndonesiaCollege of Pharmacy, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, IraqPharmacy Practice Research Unit, Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi ArabiaFaculty of Pharmacy, University of Science and Technology, Omdurman, SudanCentre for Sustainability of Ecosystem and Earth Resources (Pusat ALAM) Universiti Malaysia Pahang Kuantan 26300 Pahang Darul Makmur MALAYSIA.Clinical Pharmacy Program. College of Pharmacy, Al Ain University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates; Clinical Pharmacy Department, College of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, EgyptSchool of Pharmacy, University of Nizwa, Nizwa, OmanUniversity of Sebha, Sabha, LibyaCollege of Pharmaceutical Sciences. Government Medical College Kannur, Pariyaram, 670503 Kerala, IndiaCollege of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi ArabiaClinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Practice Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, EgyptIntroduction: Grit is proposed as an essential trait for academic achievement. Thus, evaluating its current status and the associated factors could aid academic support planning. Objective: The present study aimed to assess grit level and its related factors among undergraduate pharmacy students from 14 countries amid the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: A cross-sectional survey-based study was conducted among pharmacy students from 14 countries in Asia and the Middle East. A 31-item questionnaire was developed, validated, and pilot-tested, including the validated short scale for grit assessment. The data was collected between 1 February and 15 April 2022. Descriptive and inferential statistics were employed as appropriate. Results: A total of 2665 responses were received, mainly from females (68.7 %), living in urban areas (69.2 %) and studying at private universities (59.1 %). The average grit score on a scale of 5 was 3.15 ± 0.54. The responses revealed higher favourable responses to items on the perseverance of efforts (34.9 % to 54 %) compared to items on the consistency of interests (26.5 % to 31.1 %). Students who did not exercise (AOR: 0.47, 95 %CI: 0.33–0.67) or exercised irregularly (AOR: 0.64, 95 %CI: 0.45–0.90) were less likely to have higher grit scores than those who exercised regularly. Additionally, students who did not receive COVID-19 vaccination (AOR: 0.50, 95 %CI: 0.36–0.71) or received only one dose (AOR: 0.67, 95 %CI: 0.46–0.99) were less likely to have higher grit scores than those who received their booster vaccination. Interestingly, students who chose the pharmacy program as their only available or reasonable choice (AOR: 0.33, 95 %CI: 0.17–0.62) and students from public universities (AOR: 0.82, 95 %CI: 0.68–0.98) were less likely to have higher grit scores. On the other hand, students who did not face educational challenges with online learning (AOR: 1.19, 95 %CI: 1.003–1.416) and students with excellent (AOR: 2.28, 95 %CI: 1.57–3.31) and very good (AOR: 2.16, 95 %CI: 1.53–3.04) academic performance were more likely to have higher grit scores. Conclusion: The findings revealed moderate grit levels. Higher grit levels were thought to be associated with several personal, lifestyle and academic factors. Further interventions to support students' grit attributes are required, particularly concerning the consistency of interests.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1319016423000166GritPharmacyStudentsEducationAsiaMiddle east |
| spellingShingle | Mohamed Hassan Elnaem Muna Barakat Naeem Mubarak Mohammed Salim K.T. Doaa H. Abdelaziz Ahmed Ibrahim Fathelrahman Abrar K. Thabit Diana Laila Ramatillah Ali Azeez Al-Jumaili Nabeel Kashan Syed Mohammed Fathelrahman Adam Md. Sanower Hossain Mohamed A. Baraka Jimmy Jose Ramadan Elkalmi Sarath Chandran Mahmoud E. Elrggal Noha O. Mansour Evaluation of grit and its associated factors among undergraduate pharmacy students from 14 Asian and Middle Eastern countries amid the COVID-19 pandemic Saudi Pharmaceutical Journal Grit Pharmacy Students Education Asia Middle east |
| title | Evaluation of grit and its associated factors among undergraduate pharmacy students from 14 Asian and Middle Eastern countries amid the COVID-19 pandemic |
| title_full | Evaluation of grit and its associated factors among undergraduate pharmacy students from 14 Asian and Middle Eastern countries amid the COVID-19 pandemic |
| title_fullStr | Evaluation of grit and its associated factors among undergraduate pharmacy students from 14 Asian and Middle Eastern countries amid the COVID-19 pandemic |
| title_full_unstemmed | Evaluation of grit and its associated factors among undergraduate pharmacy students from 14 Asian and Middle Eastern countries amid the COVID-19 pandemic |
| title_short | Evaluation of grit and its associated factors among undergraduate pharmacy students from 14 Asian and Middle Eastern countries amid the COVID-19 pandemic |
| title_sort | evaluation of grit and its associated factors among undergraduate pharmacy students from 14 asian and middle eastern countries amid the covid 19 pandemic |
| topic | Grit Pharmacy Students Education Asia Middle east |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1319016423000166 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT mohamedhassanelnaem evaluationofgritanditsassociatedfactorsamongundergraduatepharmacystudentsfrom14asianandmiddleeasterncountriesamidthecovid19pandemic AT munabarakat evaluationofgritanditsassociatedfactorsamongundergraduatepharmacystudentsfrom14asianandmiddleeasterncountriesamidthecovid19pandemic AT naeemmubarak evaluationofgritanditsassociatedfactorsamongundergraduatepharmacystudentsfrom14asianandmiddleeasterncountriesamidthecovid19pandemic AT mohammedsalimkt evaluationofgritanditsassociatedfactorsamongundergraduatepharmacystudentsfrom14asianandmiddleeasterncountriesamidthecovid19pandemic AT doaahabdelaziz evaluationofgritanditsassociatedfactorsamongundergraduatepharmacystudentsfrom14asianandmiddleeasterncountriesamidthecovid19pandemic AT ahmedibrahimfathelrahman evaluationofgritanditsassociatedfactorsamongundergraduatepharmacystudentsfrom14asianandmiddleeasterncountriesamidthecovid19pandemic AT abrarkthabit evaluationofgritanditsassociatedfactorsamongundergraduatepharmacystudentsfrom14asianandmiddleeasterncountriesamidthecovid19pandemic AT dianalailaramatillah evaluationofgritanditsassociatedfactorsamongundergraduatepharmacystudentsfrom14asianandmiddleeasterncountriesamidthecovid19pandemic AT aliazeezaljumaili evaluationofgritanditsassociatedfactorsamongundergraduatepharmacystudentsfrom14asianandmiddleeasterncountriesamidthecovid19pandemic AT nabeelkashansyed evaluationofgritanditsassociatedfactorsamongundergraduatepharmacystudentsfrom14asianandmiddleeasterncountriesamidthecovid19pandemic AT mohammedfathelrahmanadam evaluationofgritanditsassociatedfactorsamongundergraduatepharmacystudentsfrom14asianandmiddleeasterncountriesamidthecovid19pandemic AT mdsanowerhossain evaluationofgritanditsassociatedfactorsamongundergraduatepharmacystudentsfrom14asianandmiddleeasterncountriesamidthecovid19pandemic AT mohamedabaraka evaluationofgritanditsassociatedfactorsamongundergraduatepharmacystudentsfrom14asianandmiddleeasterncountriesamidthecovid19pandemic AT jimmyjose evaluationofgritanditsassociatedfactorsamongundergraduatepharmacystudentsfrom14asianandmiddleeasterncountriesamidthecovid19pandemic AT ramadanelkalmi evaluationofgritanditsassociatedfactorsamongundergraduatepharmacystudentsfrom14asianandmiddleeasterncountriesamidthecovid19pandemic AT sarathchandran evaluationofgritanditsassociatedfactorsamongundergraduatepharmacystudentsfrom14asianandmiddleeasterncountriesamidthecovid19pandemic AT mahmoudeelrggal evaluationofgritanditsassociatedfactorsamongundergraduatepharmacystudentsfrom14asianandmiddleeasterncountriesamidthecovid19pandemic AT nohaomansour evaluationofgritanditsassociatedfactorsamongundergraduatepharmacystudentsfrom14asianandmiddleeasterncountriesamidthecovid19pandemic |