Role of Oxidative Stress in Tuberculosis Meningitis Infection in Diabetics
Tuberculosis meningitis (TBM) is a result of the invasion of the meninges with the bacilli of <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> (Mtb), leading to inflammation of the meninges around the brain or spinal cord. Oxidative stress occurs when the body’s cells become overwhelmed with free radic...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-09-01
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| Series: | Biomedicines |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/11/9/2568 |
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| author | Inesa Navasardyan Stephanie Yeganyan Helena Nguyen Payal Vaghashia Selvakumar Subbian Vishwanath Venketaraman |
| author_facet | Inesa Navasardyan Stephanie Yeganyan Helena Nguyen Payal Vaghashia Selvakumar Subbian Vishwanath Venketaraman |
| author_sort | Inesa Navasardyan |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Tuberculosis meningitis (TBM) is a result of the invasion of the meninges with the bacilli of <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> (Mtb), leading to inflammation of the meninges around the brain or spinal cord. Oxidative stress occurs when the body’s cells become overwhelmed with free radicals, particularly reactive oxygen species (ROS). ROS plays a significant role in the pathogenesis of TBM due to their toxic nature, resulting in impairment of the body’s ability to fight off infection. ROS damages the endothelial cells and impairs the defense mechanisms of the blood–brain barrier (BBB), which contributes to CNS susceptibility to the bacteria causing TBM. Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a common condition that is characterized by the impairment of the hormone insulin, which is responsible for modulating blood glucose levels. The increased availability of glucose in individuals with diabetes results in increased cellular activity and metabolism, leading to heightened ROS production and, in turn, increased susceptibility to TBM. In this review, we summarize our current understanding of oxidative stress and its role in both TBM and DM. We further discuss how increased oxidative stress in DM can contribute to the likelihood of developing TBM and potential therapeutic approaches that may be of therapeutic value. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T22:59:56Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-08170d3227814408a76cdde05035a6ed |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2227-9059 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T22:59:56Z |
| publishDate | 2023-09-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Biomedicines |
| spelling | doaj.art-08170d3227814408a76cdde05035a6ed2023-11-19T09:43:08ZengMDPI AGBiomedicines2227-90592023-09-01119256810.3390/biomedicines11092568Role of Oxidative Stress in Tuberculosis Meningitis Infection in DiabeticsInesa Navasardyan0Stephanie Yeganyan1Helena Nguyen2Payal Vaghashia3Selvakumar Subbian4Vishwanath Venketaraman5College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USACollege of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USACollege of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USACollege of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USAPublic Health Research Center, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ 07103, USACollege of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USATuberculosis meningitis (TBM) is a result of the invasion of the meninges with the bacilli of <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> (Mtb), leading to inflammation of the meninges around the brain or spinal cord. Oxidative stress occurs when the body’s cells become overwhelmed with free radicals, particularly reactive oxygen species (ROS). ROS plays a significant role in the pathogenesis of TBM due to their toxic nature, resulting in impairment of the body’s ability to fight off infection. ROS damages the endothelial cells and impairs the defense mechanisms of the blood–brain barrier (BBB), which contributes to CNS susceptibility to the bacteria causing TBM. Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a common condition that is characterized by the impairment of the hormone insulin, which is responsible for modulating blood glucose levels. The increased availability of glucose in individuals with diabetes results in increased cellular activity and metabolism, leading to heightened ROS production and, in turn, increased susceptibility to TBM. In this review, we summarize our current understanding of oxidative stress and its role in both TBM and DM. We further discuss how increased oxidative stress in DM can contribute to the likelihood of developing TBM and potential therapeutic approaches that may be of therapeutic value.https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/11/9/2568<i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i>tuberculosis meningitisdiabetesoxidative stress |
| spellingShingle | Inesa Navasardyan Stephanie Yeganyan Helena Nguyen Payal Vaghashia Selvakumar Subbian Vishwanath Venketaraman Role of Oxidative Stress in Tuberculosis Meningitis Infection in Diabetics Biomedicines <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> tuberculosis meningitis diabetes oxidative stress |
| title | Role of Oxidative Stress in Tuberculosis Meningitis Infection in Diabetics |
| title_full | Role of Oxidative Stress in Tuberculosis Meningitis Infection in Diabetics |
| title_fullStr | Role of Oxidative Stress in Tuberculosis Meningitis Infection in Diabetics |
| title_full_unstemmed | Role of Oxidative Stress in Tuberculosis Meningitis Infection in Diabetics |
| title_short | Role of Oxidative Stress in Tuberculosis Meningitis Infection in Diabetics |
| title_sort | role of oxidative stress in tuberculosis meningitis infection in diabetics |
| topic | <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> tuberculosis meningitis diabetes oxidative stress |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/11/9/2568 |
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