Effect of the Thermo-Mechanical Processing on the Impact Toughness of a 12% Cr Martensitic Steel with Co, Cu, W, Mo and Ta Doping
This paper presents the results of an experimental investigation of a 12% Cr steel where a significant increase in Charpy impact toughness and a slight decrease in ductile-brittle transition temperature (DBTT) from 70 °C to 65 °C were obtained through thermo-mechanical processing, including interim...
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MDPI AG
2021-12-01
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4701/12/1/3 |
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| author | Alexandra Fedoseeva Ivan Nikitin Nadezhda Dudova John Hald Rustam Kaibyshev |
| author_facet | Alexandra Fedoseeva Ivan Nikitin Nadezhda Dudova John Hald Rustam Kaibyshev |
| author_sort | Alexandra Fedoseeva |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | This paper presents the results of an experimental investigation of a 12% Cr steel where a significant increase in Charpy impact toughness and a slight decrease in ductile-brittle transition temperature (DBTT) from 70 °C to 65 °C were obtained through thermo-mechanical processing, including interim hot forging at 1050 °C with long-term annealing at 1000 °C, as compared with conventional heat treatment. At lower temperatures ranging from −20 °C to 25 °C, the value of impact toughness comprised ~40 J cm<sup>−2</sup> in the present 12% Cr steel subjected to thermo-mechanical processing. The amount of δ-ferrite decreased to 3.8%, whereas the size of prior austenite grains did not change and comprised about 40–50 μm. The boundaries between δ-ferrite and martensitic laths were decorated by continuous chains of Cr- and W-rich carbides. M<sub>23</sub>C<sub>6</sub> carbides also precipitated along the boundaries of prior austenite grains, packets, blocks and martensitic laths. Thermo-mechanical processing increased the mean size of M<sub>23</sub>C<sub>6</sub> carbides and decreased their number particle densities along the lath boundaries. Moreover, the precipitation of a high number of non-equilibrium V-rich MX particles was induced by hot forging and long-term normalizing at 1000 °C for 24 h. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T00:57:19Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-081dee3b3cb64b069db32908fb666dde |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2075-4701 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T00:57:19Z |
| publishDate | 2021-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| series | Metals |
| spelling | doaj.art-081dee3b3cb64b069db32908fb666dde2023-11-23T14:40:51ZengMDPI AGMetals2075-47012021-12-01121310.3390/met12010003Effect of the Thermo-Mechanical Processing on the Impact Toughness of a 12% Cr Martensitic Steel with Co, Cu, W, Mo and Ta DopingAlexandra Fedoseeva0Ivan Nikitin1Nadezhda Dudova2John Hald3Rustam Kaibyshev4Laboratory for Mechanical Properties of Nanostructured Materials and Superalloys, Belgorod State University, Pobeda 85, 308015 Belgorod, RussiaLaboratory for Mechanical Properties of Nanostructured Materials and Superalloys, Belgorod State University, Pobeda 85, 308015 Belgorod, RussiaLaboratory for Mechanical Properties of Nanostructured Materials and Superalloys, Belgorod State University, Pobeda 85, 308015 Belgorod, RussiaDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, DenmarkLaboratory of Prospective Steels for Agricultural Machinery, Russian State Agrarian University—Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy, Timiryazevskaya 49, 127550 Moscow, RussiaThis paper presents the results of an experimental investigation of a 12% Cr steel where a significant increase in Charpy impact toughness and a slight decrease in ductile-brittle transition temperature (DBTT) from 70 °C to 65 °C were obtained through thermo-mechanical processing, including interim hot forging at 1050 °C with long-term annealing at 1000 °C, as compared with conventional heat treatment. At lower temperatures ranging from −20 °C to 25 °C, the value of impact toughness comprised ~40 J cm<sup>−2</sup> in the present 12% Cr steel subjected to thermo-mechanical processing. The amount of δ-ferrite decreased to 3.8%, whereas the size of prior austenite grains did not change and comprised about 40–50 μm. The boundaries between δ-ferrite and martensitic laths were decorated by continuous chains of Cr- and W-rich carbides. M<sub>23</sub>C<sub>6</sub> carbides also precipitated along the boundaries of prior austenite grains, packets, blocks and martensitic laths. Thermo-mechanical processing increased the mean size of M<sub>23</sub>C<sub>6</sub> carbides and decreased their number particle densities along the lath boundaries. Moreover, the precipitation of a high number of non-equilibrium V-rich MX particles was induced by hot forging and long-term normalizing at 1000 °C for 24 h.https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4701/12/1/3martensitic steelsheat treatmentthermo-mechanical processingprecipitationfracture toughnessoptical metallography |
| spellingShingle | Alexandra Fedoseeva Ivan Nikitin Nadezhda Dudova John Hald Rustam Kaibyshev Effect of the Thermo-Mechanical Processing on the Impact Toughness of a 12% Cr Martensitic Steel with Co, Cu, W, Mo and Ta Doping Metals martensitic steels heat treatment thermo-mechanical processing precipitation fracture toughness optical metallography |
| title | Effect of the Thermo-Mechanical Processing on the Impact Toughness of a 12% Cr Martensitic Steel with Co, Cu, W, Mo and Ta Doping |
| title_full | Effect of the Thermo-Mechanical Processing on the Impact Toughness of a 12% Cr Martensitic Steel with Co, Cu, W, Mo and Ta Doping |
| title_fullStr | Effect of the Thermo-Mechanical Processing on the Impact Toughness of a 12% Cr Martensitic Steel with Co, Cu, W, Mo and Ta Doping |
| title_full_unstemmed | Effect of the Thermo-Mechanical Processing on the Impact Toughness of a 12% Cr Martensitic Steel with Co, Cu, W, Mo and Ta Doping |
| title_short | Effect of the Thermo-Mechanical Processing on the Impact Toughness of a 12% Cr Martensitic Steel with Co, Cu, W, Mo and Ta Doping |
| title_sort | effect of the thermo mechanical processing on the impact toughness of a 12 cr martensitic steel with co cu w mo and ta doping |
| topic | martensitic steels heat treatment thermo-mechanical processing precipitation fracture toughness optical metallography |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4701/12/1/3 |
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